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'File 12/1 [1 A/1 I] Persian Claims to Bahrain' [18v] (41/502)
The record is made up of 1 file (249 folios). It was created in 4 Nov 1933-21 Apr 1946. It was written in English, Farsi, French and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
14
F.O. to Teh
No. 38 of
■7.8 1845.
Lor. I, 877.
Lor. I, 877.
Lor. I, 880.
Persia i that the employment in English of the term
“
Persian Gulf
The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
” was itself evidence of this; that from
about 1300 A.D. the island of Bahrein had always been
in the possession of the Governors of Ears and had paid
revenue to them until its conquest in 1783 by the Uttabi
Arabs, from which tribe “itself, likewise, presents have
generally been sent to the Governors of Ears ” ; that Her
Majesty’s Government had recognised the position when
they warned Mehemet AH of Egypt in 1840 not to attack
Bahrein, which did not form part of Arabia, but rather of
the
Persian Gulf
The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
; “ and that accordingly the British Govern
ment would not allow him to extend the hand of possession
over that island ’’; that the British authorities had formally
and repeatedly asked Persia to rent the island to them and
that British representatives at Tehran had frequently
declared that Her Majesty’s Government had no right what
ever to the Gulf or its islands [there is no foundation for
either statement] ; aud that the fact that Captain Bruce’s
treaty was on record supported the Persian claim. The
following extract, which (except as regards the initial date)
appears correctlyr to represent the true facts, may, however,
be placed on record from the Prime Minister’s memorandum :
“ I n the commencement of the reign of His Majesty the late
Shah, the Arabs of Beni Attabi came from the desert and
conquered the island by sea. The object and desire of the
Persian Government has since always been and is the
recovery of that island from its spoilers.”
49. Her Majesty’s Government, in view of the unlikeli
hood that Persia had, or could give effect to, any serious
designs in Bahrein and the undesirability of engaging in
those circumstances in a correspondence which might merelv
cause irritation without serving any useful purpose,
instructed tlm Minister at Tehran not to revert to the
subject unless it was forced upon him by the Persian Prime
Minister. In that case he was to employ certain arguments
supplied to him (apparently the critical comments of the
Secret Committee
Pre-1784, the Committee responsible for protecting East India Company shipping. Post-1784, its main role was to transmit communications between the Board of Control and the Company's Indian governments on matters requiring secrecy.
of the East India Company on the Prime
Minister’s memorandum) to show generally the grounds on
which Her Majesty’s Government were “ unable to recognise
as valid the claims advanced by Persia to the sovereignty of
Bahrein, and you may add that they would . . . very much
disapprove of any attempts on the part of Persia to interfere
in the affairs of that island and thus disturb the peace of
the Gulf and to afford an opening to piracy.” The question
appears to have dropped for the time being.
ireaiy oj reace with Wahabis, to whom Bahrein pays
Tribute (1847).
50. Meanwhile, the ex-Sheikh (who in 1845 had unsuccess-
Y ^tempted to capture Bahrein with the aid of the
VVahabis) had been invited in June 1846 by the Governor-
General °' 1'arsto return to liushire, where he should be
liberally entertained “until ... the season for action had
fi m w \ ^ A dec , lln , ed , the invitation. In October 1846
the Wahabi Amir asked the permission of the Resident to
call in the 1 racial Sheikhs of the Arab littoral against
Bahi an. This was refused. A request by the ruling Sheikh
of Bahrein to be allowed to call in the assistance of the
Sheikh of Debai against the Wahabis was equally refused in
November 1840. In August 1847 a Treaty of Peace was
concluded between the Wahabi Amir and the ruling Sheikh
'uim/n 1 tlle ruliD « SheiWt agreed to pay a tribute of
4,000 dollars a year, while the Wahabi Amir agreed not to
encourage the ex-Sheikh. 0t t0
uuivery i reaty with Ureat Britain, 1847
51. On the 8th March 1847 Her Majesty’s Government
enteiod into a Slavery Treaty with the ruling Sheikh.
About this item
- Content
This file contains correspondence between British officials (primarily from the Foreign Office and the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. ) concerning two interrelated topics; the Persian Government's claim to sovereignty over Bahrain and discussions over whether or not Bahrain should be considered part of the British Empire for the purposes of the Import Duties Act of 1932.
The file contains two memoranda concerning the history of Bahrain:
1) 'Historical Memorandum on Bahrein' written by J G Laithwaite of the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. , 1934 (ff 11-34); 2) 'The History of the Bahrein Islands' written by the Foreign Office Research Department, 1945 (ff 217-218).
A number of translations and cuttings of press articles related to the sovereignty of Bahrain (in Faris, Arabic, French and English) are contained in the file.
The file also contains letters in Arabic (with English translations) from the rulers of Qatar (f 155), Bahrain (f 157), Umm al-Quwain (f 165) and Abu Dhabi (f 169), sent to the British Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Bahrain in response to a letter informing them that their territories were to be granted 'imperial preference' as per the Import Duties Act, 1932 (f 154).
- Extent and format
- 1 file (249 folios)
- Arrangement
The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 4-230; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superceeded and therefore crossed out.
- Written in
- English, Farsi, French and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/R/15/2/484
- Title
- 'File 12/1 [1 A/1 I] Persian Claims to Bahrain'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:127v, 129r:129v, 131r:139v, 141r:154v, 156r:156v, 158r:164v, 166r:168v, 170r:204v, 206r:218v, 220r:248v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence