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'File 1/A/50 I Publicity' [‎171v] (342/810)

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The record is made up of 1 file (403 folios). It was created in 31 Jul 1939-25 Nov 1939. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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4
The telegram said : “ This place, a defenceless open village, was
bombed at 11 a.m. to-day by a flight of four German aeroplanes,
which dropped at least 12 bombs, not only on the outskirts, but
also along the main street, 300 yards from the Embassy, as well as
the Foreign Office, now located here.
“ Verified casualties include 11 people killed and 40 seriously injured.
Many business properties were damaged. The population was
terrorized by the suddenness and unexpectedness of the raid.”
In addition to this evidence there is the official statement issued
by the Polish Embassy in London on September 13th. The statement
declared that “ from the very beginning of hostilities which followed
the German aggression, the German air forces were systematically
and ruthlessly bombing open towns. The Polish Embassy desires
to emphasize that up to September 3rd, that is on the day on which
Great Britain and France found themselves at war with Germany,
the following cities and open towns had been bombed :
“ Warsaw and its suburbs, Aleksandrowo, Bialystok, Bydgoszcz,
Chelmno, Czestochowa, Debica, Gdynia, Grodno, Grudziadz,
Kalisz, Kobryn, Cracow, Kutno, Lwow, Lodz, Mielec, Piotrkow,
Poznan, Pultusk, Radom, Radomsko, Rzeszow, Skierniewice,
Tomaszow, Tarnobrzeg, Torun, Wilno, Zdunska, Wola, and Kielce.
“ Since September 3rd scores of Polish towns, and even villages, have
been raided by German bombers. Warsaw was raided repeatedly
every day and even residential quarters and working-class districts
suffered grievously from deliberate bombing.
“ The casualties among the civilian population, especially among
women and children, between September 1st and September 3rd
amounted, according to official figures, to over 1,500 killed and many
thousand wounded.
“ During the last two days the Germans began the methodical
bombing of open towns far removed from the battle zone. There
is little doubt that this barbarous method is intended to paralyse
the very life of the country. It has been applied in the case of the
following cities : Lublin, Janow, Zamose, Chelm, Kowel, Zuck,
the centres of which were bombed from low altitude.
“ The above facts prove conclusively that Hitler’s undertaking not
to bomb open towns, given in reply to President Roosevelt’s appeal,
of September 2nd has been flagrantly disregarded.”
Finally, an official British eye-witness, in a telegram sent from
Bucharest on September 20th reported that the attack on
Krzemieniec, the little provincial town in South Eastern Poland
where the Polish Government and Foreign Diplomats had taken
refuge, was a flagrant example of the bombing of open towns.

About this item

Content

The file deals with the dissemination in Bahrain of publicity and propaganda material in support of the British and allied cause at the start of the Second World War (1939-45). Most of the information originated with the Ministry of Information in London. The file also contains information on the response of British officials to broadcasts in the region by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), and the support given to the allied side by the Ruler and people of Bahrain.

The principal correspondents are the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (principally, Major Charles Geoffrey Prior); the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Bahrain (Hugh Weightman); the Ministry of Information (which is often referred to in the correspondence as MINIF or MINIFORM); the Information Office, Aden; the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. ; and the Government of India.

The papers cover: the selection of Bahrain as the publicity distributing centre for the Arab side of the Gulf, and the appointment of a publicity interpreter at Bahrain, who would also undertake intelligence duties (folios 2-6); India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. telegram explaining the principles adopted as the basis of British publicity abroad (folios 8-9); Arabic broadcasts by the BBC, including comments on the service, many of them critical, by the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Prior), and the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Bahrain; discussion of the format and publication of the Arabic language Al Bahrain newspaper (e.g. folios 29-30); numerous reports from the Ministry of Information on political, military and economic developments in the war (including contradictions of German propaganda), which were then recast in Bahrain and translated for publication in the newspaper Al Bahrain ; the suggested use of loudspeakers to broadcast a daily Arabic news bulletin (e.g. folios 36-37); official reports forwarded to Bahrain by the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. (e.g. Papers concerning the Treatment of German Nationals in Germany, 1938-1939 (London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1939) (folios 221-238); covering letters for pamphlets of war interest sent by the Political Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. , Bahrain to the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) for the use of employees of the company (e.g. folio 266); the support of the Ruler of Bahrain, Shaikh Hamad [Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah], for the allied cause (e.g. folios 251, 253); the assessment of public opinion on the war in Bahrain and the Trucial Coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. (e.g. folios 279, 281, and 348); and newspaper cuttings used for publicity purposes (folios 313-319).

The Arabic language content of the papers consists of approximately fifteen folios of publicity material and correspondence.

The date range gives the covering dates of the correspondence; the last dated additions to the file are notes on a couple of the documents dated 29 November 1939.

Extent and format
1 file (403 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in chronological order from the front to the rear of the file, except where enclosures of an earlier date are filed after their relevant covering letter, and terminate in a set of notes (folios 396-404). Circled serial numbers in red crayon on certain items of correspondence refer to entries in the notes.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 405; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-395; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.

Written in
English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script
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'File 1/A/50 I Publicity' [‎171v] (342/810), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/174, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100028297536.0x00008f> [accessed 18 April 2024]

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