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'11/5 Negotiations with Ibn Saud regarding Boundaries of Saudi Arabia' [‎149r] (299/430)

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The record is made up of 1 file (212 folios). It was created in Mar 1944-4 Sep 1949. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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44 16
An/
•SB .account Pf P-evia^, ngaotutiaia be tw fiP .n
SlsJla.ie^y’s Q9Yfjrnm--ait u , m i_ ti ie
Mvarmgnt .sn^l^aiL the So U th-R aR t.^
Bovinclaries of Sa\ia.l Arnb^n,
,., I1 ? n ‘faud, v/ho made himself master ofldyadh in 1902
did n°t attempt to extend his dominions to fhfeast until
he ^ e f ceria ° a on Hasa, captured the central oasis
and ten days later entered Qatif. (May 1913). A year
later he concluded a treaty with the Ottoman Government
hy which he was accorded the title of Vali of Najd in
return for an acknowledgement that he was an Ottoman
suTD^GCt suid. tlie servant of the Ottoman Government#
Meanwhile His Majesty’s Government had concluded two
Conventions with the Turkish Government ( 29 th July, 1913
and 9th March 191U) in which the South-Eastern boundaries
of the Ottoman Empire were defined. The agreed
boundaries were the so-called Blue and Violet lines
(see map II;. No mention was made in the Conventions
of the sovereignty of the territory to the east and south
of these lines, except that the Blue line was stated to
separate the Ottoman Sanjak of Najd from the territory
of El Katr (Qatar), in which Turkish rights were
renounced and His Majesty 1 s Government were clearly
free, so far as the Ottoman Empire was concerned, to
extend their influence and authority© The small Turkish
post at Dohah had been increased by troops from Hasa in
1913 but all were withdrawn to Basrah before the out
break of the 1914 - 18 War.
Prom 1914 to 1918 the frontier question had lain
dormant in its larger issues. In 1922 when Sir Percy
Cox met Ihn Saud at Ojair in order to induce him t<r
ratify the Treaty of Muhammerah of 5th May 1922,
regulating frontier and other questions between Iraq
and Najd, he discovered that Ibn Saud was proposing to
grant to a body called the Eastern and General Syndicate
a concession over an area including the Qatar peninsula.
The south-western and southern boundaries of this area
are shown on the map II ("Ojair line") Sir Percy
Cox told Ibn Saud at the time that the proper line of
the Qatar-Najd frontier was from Qasr~as-t;. 7 va to the
head of the Khor-al-Odsid (Map l), and he drew this line
on the map. The Blue line was not mentioned at this
meeting through Sir Percy Cox explained that Ibn Saud
could not include in any concession territory to the
east of Ahbak (abiout 25 miles south of the southern tip
of the Dohat-os-Salwa) *
In 1934 the matter again came under consideration
in connexion with the development by the Standard Oil
Company of California of their concession in Hasa and
with negotiations between the Anglo-Persian Oil ompany
and the Shaikh of Qatar. The view was taken
Anglo-Turkish Convention of 19x4, which had been ratified
and had defined both the Blue and Violet lines, ,,a ‘ J
legally binding on Ibn Saud in his c ^^vty as successo.
to the Ottomah Enpire, He was so ® £°^ ed
dated 28th April 1934. In his reply he c °ntested
the validity of the frontiers laid down, on the ground
that the Ottoman Government had no British
his ancestral homeland. A restatement o /thesis...

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Content

The file comprises correspondence, memoranda, maps, and other papers relating to questions over the position of Saudi Arabia’s south-eastern frontier adjoining Qatar and the Trucial Coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. shaikhdoms, notably Abu Dhabi. Negotiations over the frontier had long been deferred by British Government officials, as a result of the Ruler of Saudi Arabia ‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd’s [Ibn Saud] firm stance in negotiations before the Second World War. However, the need for a resolution became increasingly apparent as a result of ongoing oil exploration in Saudi Arabia by the Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco), and exploration in Qatar and Abu Dhabi by Petroleum Concessions Limited (PCL). The principal correspondents in the file include: representatives of the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. , Foreign Office, Ministry of Fuel and Power; the British Legation at Jedda; the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain; and the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. .

The file includes:

  • correspondence, dating from 1944 and 1945, between British Government officials in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. and Foreign Office, discussing the previous difficulties encountered in negotiating Saudi Arabia’s south-eastern frontiers with Ibn Saud, and the agreement that further negotiations be left until after the event of Ibn Saud’s death (ff 2-29);
  • correspondence from late 1945 through 1947, between Government officials on the possible establishment of a neutral zone between Aramco’s concession area in Saudi Arabia, and PCL’s concession area in Qatar. Also, there is some discussion of Aramco’s proposals to begin seabed exploration off the eastern coast of Saudi Arabia (ff 36-59);
  • PCL’s request for permission to conduct seismic surveys at the southernmost limit of their concession area in Qatar (ff 76-95);
  • reports of Aramco survey parties making incursions into PCL’s concession areas in Qatar and Abu Dhabi (ff 104-127);
  • Government criticism of PCL’s delay in exploiting its concession areas in Qatar and Abu Dhabi (f 133);
  • preparations in August 1949 for the reopening of frontier negotiations with the Saudi Government in Jedda. Papers include: a copy of a confidential memorandum with map, dated 2 February 1948, on the south-eastern frontier of Saudi Arabia, prepared by J E Cable of the Eastern Department of the Foreign Office (ff 164-169; copy also at ff 87-91); three further confidential memoranda with maps, prepared by the Eastern Department in 1940, outlining past and present negotiations on the position of the south-eastern frontiers of Saudi Arabia (ff 170-180, ff 181-185, ff 186-188); proposals to send representatives from Qatar and Abu Dhabi to the Jedda negotiations (ff 190-203).
Extent and format
1 file (212 folios)
Arrangement

The file’s contents are arranged in approximate chronological order, from the earliest item at the front to the latest at the end. The file notes at the end of the file (ff 204-212) mirror the chronological arrangement.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. This file has the following foliation anomaly: 111A. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 4-203; these numbers are also written in pencil, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence, but they are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.

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English in Latin script
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'11/5 Negotiations with Ibn Saud regarding Boundaries of Saudi Arabia' [‎149r] (299/430), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/465, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100028545189.0x000064> [accessed 25 April 2024]

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