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'11/5 Negotiations with Ibn Saud regarding Boundaries of Saudi Arabia' [‎150r] (301/430)

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The record is made up of 1 file (212 folios). It was created in Mar 1944-4 Sep 1949. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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Paad Bey regarding the "dima 1 * n-p +v^ + --u
allegiance Ibn Sand claimed had trit) es "hoae
light of answers to enquiries made rvp e ?h mine +v in
in the Persian OnTf' ena + 1 , f 1 ma de of the authorities
‘ too ± eroian uulf and the Aden Protectorate Aa a
demand for a boundary extending to the Persian r^?e »»=+
of Qatar. The botindary thus offered (which. Sir A. Ryan
was instructed to emphasise to Ibn Saud represented
nrenntd > ltS 1 ° WhiCh , HiS Gwern^ent were
prepared to go) was defined in a note of 25 th November
1935 and is known as the 'Riyadh line 11 (Maps I and II)#
On 17 th May 1935| after long negotiations, a
concession was granted to the Anglo-Iranian Oii Company
i + l i0 Shaikh ol Qatar in which the southern boundaries
°f the concession area were shown on a map by a line,
later known as the "concession line", which ran south of
the Jebel Naksh to a point about eight miles north of
the Khor el Ode id (Map I), At this time His Majesty^s
Government, for the guidance of their own representatives,
had laid down a line within which Protection would be
afforded to the Shaikh of Qatar under certain conditions
(the "protection line" Map I), Ibn Saud protested direct
to the Shaikh of Qatar against his grant of an oil conces
sion before a^ settlement of the question of the south
eastern frontiers had been reached, Hs was subsequently
informed through Shaikh Yusuf Yasin lihat the concession
area lay in territory to which His Majesty^ Government
could admit no rights of the Saudi Government and that
His Majesty f s Government had promised protection to the
Shaikh of Qatar against agression, in particular of the
oil concession area ( 26 th September 1935)•
The offer of the "Riyadh line" was immediately
rejected by Ibn Saud, mainly on account of his reluctance
to give up claims to the Jebel Naksh and the Khor-el-
Odeid, the cession of which His Majesty’s Government were
unable to contemplate. The Khor-el-Odeid had for long
been recognised as the property of the Shai&h of Abu
Dhabi and the Jebel Naksh, forming part of a larger
range of hills called the Jebel Dukhan, belonged to the
Shaikh of Qatar, and (an overriding consideration)
was included in the concession to the Anglo«»Irajiian
Oil Company, granted before Ibn Saud's proposal showing
that his claims extended so far. The claim to the
Jebel Naksh was based on the argument that the local
tribes owed allegiance to Ibn Saud and that to the
Khor-el-Odeid partly on the same argument and partly^
on its importance to Saudi Arabia as a^port, .possession
of which would prevent smuggling into Saudi Arabia, This
was before the development of Ras Ta?\ura as a port which
has presumably invalidated this part of the Saudi
argument, .
In the Riyadh discussions Sir A, Ryan restated the
objection of His Majesty’s Government to Ibn Saud s
direct correspondence with the Shaikh of Qatar on
matters concerning foreign affairs, to which excep
' - . /had,..

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Content

The file comprises correspondence, memoranda, maps, and other papers relating to questions over the position of Saudi Arabia’s south-eastern frontier adjoining Qatar and the Trucial Coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. shaikhdoms, notably Abu Dhabi. Negotiations over the frontier had long been deferred by British Government officials, as a result of the Ruler of Saudi Arabia ‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd’s [Ibn Saud] firm stance in negotiations before the Second World War. However, the need for a resolution became increasingly apparent as a result of ongoing oil exploration in Saudi Arabia by the Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco), and exploration in Qatar and Abu Dhabi by Petroleum Concessions Limited (PCL). The principal correspondents in the file include: representatives of the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. , Foreign Office, Ministry of Fuel and Power; the British Legation at Jedda; the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain; and the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. .

The file includes:

  • correspondence, dating from 1944 and 1945, between British Government officials in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. and Foreign Office, discussing the previous difficulties encountered in negotiating Saudi Arabia’s south-eastern frontiers with Ibn Saud, and the agreement that further negotiations be left until after the event of Ibn Saud’s death (ff 2-29);
  • correspondence from late 1945 through 1947, between Government officials on the possible establishment of a neutral zone between Aramco’s concession area in Saudi Arabia, and PCL’s concession area in Qatar. Also, there is some discussion of Aramco’s proposals to begin seabed exploration off the eastern coast of Saudi Arabia (ff 36-59);
  • PCL’s request for permission to conduct seismic surveys at the southernmost limit of their concession area in Qatar (ff 76-95);
  • reports of Aramco survey parties making incursions into PCL’s concession areas in Qatar and Abu Dhabi (ff 104-127);
  • Government criticism of PCL’s delay in exploiting its concession areas in Qatar and Abu Dhabi (f 133);
  • preparations in August 1949 for the reopening of frontier negotiations with the Saudi Government in Jedda. Papers include: a copy of a confidential memorandum with map, dated 2 February 1948, on the south-eastern frontier of Saudi Arabia, prepared by J E Cable of the Eastern Department of the Foreign Office (ff 164-169; copy also at ff 87-91); three further confidential memoranda with maps, prepared by the Eastern Department in 1940, outlining past and present negotiations on the position of the south-eastern frontiers of Saudi Arabia (ff 170-180, ff 181-185, ff 186-188); proposals to send representatives from Qatar and Abu Dhabi to the Jedda negotiations (ff 190-203).
Extent and format
1 file (212 folios)
Arrangement

The file’s contents are arranged in approximate chronological order, from the earliest item at the front to the latest at the end. The file notes at the end of the file (ff 204-212) mirror the chronological arrangement.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. This file has the following foliation anomaly: 111A. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 4-203; these numbers are also written in pencil, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence, but they are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.

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English in Latin script
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'11/5 Negotiations with Ibn Saud regarding Boundaries of Saudi Arabia' [‎150r] (301/430), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/465, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100028545189.0x000066> [accessed 23 April 2024]

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