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'D.178 86/13-III KUWAIT NEUTRAL ZONE' [‎24r] (47/602)

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The record is made up of 1 file (300 folios). It was created in 24 Nov 1946-3 Jun 1948. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers.

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CONFIDENTIAL
D«0* No. 1189 - S.
Please refer to India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. express letter
No. Ext.7930/46| dated the 6th December, 1946.
2. I hope to telegraph my comments shortly on the
proposal to conclude a Political Agreement in respect of the
Kuwait Neutral £one. My first reaction is that from our point
of view it is *in every way desirable that we should obtain such
an Agreement and that the only reason for hesitating to take
action to this effect is the fear of causing annoyance to Ibn
Saud. His Majesty 1 s Minister. Jeddah, will presumably be asked
how that potentate is likely to view the matter.
3. I am writing now to state my views on the 1913
correspondence about Burgan, vide paragraph 2 of your express
letter. With all due deference to Kemp^ opinion, I feel that
even if from the strictly leg^al aspect the correspondence can
be regarded as binding the Shaikh to consult us before giving
an oil concession to insist on this in practice would be
contrary to both logic and justice. Shaikh Mubarak* s letter
is not in the form of an agreement and refers to a specific
ecc&sion. Although he uses the word M never" I cannot believe
that he intended to bind himself and his successors for all
time in respect of all oil concessions in his territory. In
Sir Percy Cox* s letter Shaikh Mubarak was asked to agree that
Admiral blade should inspect the places at Burgan and elsewhere
showing traces (presumably external) of bitumen and that if the
Admiral saw any hope of obtaining oil therefrom he (the Shaikh)
would not give a concession for it to anyone other than a
person nominated and recommended by the British Government.
The Shaikh replied that if the Admiral came he would send one
of his sons with him to show the place of bitumen in Burgan and
elsewhere and that If In their view (=in the view of the
Admiral and the Shaikh^ son ?) there seemed a hope of obtaining
oil therefrom he would never give a concession in this matter to
anyone except a person appointed by the British Government. The
most that can be read into this, in my opinion, is a promise by
Shaikh Mubarak not to give an oil concession except to our
nominee in places showing traces of bitumen which were inspected
by the Admiral and the Shaikhs son (?) and from which he and
the son (?) were of opinion that oil might be obtained. I have
nothing on record to show what places were inspected by the
Admiral and what his views were regarding the prospects of
obtaining oil from them, but I do not see how Shaikh Mubarak* s
letter can possibly be read as covering places not Inspected by
the Admiral and I am very doubtful If it can be held to cover
places so inspected and not claimed at the time // for exploita
tion especially after a lapse of so many years.
PERSIAN GULF The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. RESIDENCY An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. ,
BAHRAIN.
the 23rd December, 1946.
4 * In the ...
m. *. Jonaldson, Esquire, C.M.G.,
India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. ,
London.

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Content

The file contains correspondence between the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (William Rupert Hay); the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Kuwait (Gordon Noel Jackson, Maurice O’Connor Tandy); the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. (later the Commonwealth Relations Office, Eion Pelly Donaldson, Adrian Harbottle Reed, Ralph Ingham Hallows); the Foreign Office (Lancelot Frank Lee Pyman); the Ministry of Fuel and Power (William Dunmore Monsell-Davies); His Majesty’s Minister at Jedda (Alan Charles Trott); the Shaikh of Kuwait (Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ) and various oil companies in relation to the auction process instituted by the Shaikh of Kuwait for his share in the Kuwait-Saudi Arabia Neutral Zone oil concession.

The companies which expressed an interest in bidding for the Kuwait neutral zone concession included Petroleum Concessions Limited, the Burmah Oil Company, the Eastern Gulf Company, the Amerada Petroleum Company, the American Independent Petroleum Corporation, the Superior Oil Company of California and the Canadian Eagle Oil Company. However owing to the Shaikh's requirement that financial backing and resources to undertake exploitation of an oil concession are proven by each potential bidder only four companies were permitted to continue and submit final bids on 1 June 1948 – Petroleum Concessions Limited, the Burmah Oil Company, the Eastern Gulf Company and the American Independent Petroleum Corporation.

Other matters discussed in the file include:

  • the question of the political agreement between His Majesty’s Government and successful Oil Company and discussing whether such an agreement could be made with an American Company and also what changes and special requirements would have to be made owing to the concession only being for the Shaikh of Kuwait’s share of the neutral zone.
  • a visit paid by the Shaikh of Kuwait to Ibn Saud (‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd)and the question of whether or not the neutral zone was discussed by them.
  • debate around the possibility of a geographic division of the neutral zone in order to make administration of the zone easier, and the conclusion that negotiations for such a division could take years and would not perhaps be in the best interests of the Oil Companies exploiting an oil concession there.
  • a hydrographic survey of the coast-line of the neutral zone to locate a suitable landing site for heavy equipment.
  • a new air service instituted by Iraq Airways in 1947 that would fly from Basra to Kuwait and Bahrain.

A series of file notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folios 272-299.

Extent and format
1 file (300 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 302; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-99 and ff 113-300; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.

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English in Latin script
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'D.178 86/13-III KUWAIT NEUTRAL ZONE' [‎24r] (47/602), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/1/687, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100029106991.0x000030> [accessed 25 April 2024]

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