'Bahrein, 1908-1928' [18r] (3/12)
The record is made up of 1 file (6 folios). It was created in 8 Oct 1928. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
King. In an interview with Sir Arthur Hirtzel on 1st September 1919 he Letter from i.o. t<. g. of i.,
demanded on behalf of Sheikh Isa that the latter shotild be— ‘ ept ‘ 16 1919, r ,,649/19 '
(а) put on an equality with neighbouring Arab rulers in the exercise
of authority over all persons other than subjects of Great Britain
and the Great European Powers, and so over Arabs other than
subjects of Bahrein ;
(б) empowered to select the bench of magistrates [under the Bahrein
Order in Council
A regulation issued by the sovereign of the United Kingdom on the advice of the Privy Council.
the Majlis-el-Urf, or Civil Court, is composed of
not less than four members selected by the
Political Agent
A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency.
in
concert with the Sheikh];
(c) permitted and assisted to develop the port of
Zubarah
18th-century town located 105 km from Doha.
in El Katr,
which he claimed had once belonged to Bahrein (Cp. Lorimer :
Persian Gulf
The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
Gazetteer I. i. 814);
(d) given permission to correspond direct with London, should necessity
arise.
10. After consideration of the views of Capt. Bray, Major Dickson, then
Political Agent
A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency.
, the Political Pesident and the Civil Commissioner,
Mesopotamia, the Government of India on 5th May 1920* informed Sheikh Vf a 6 , 1 k M*^ 5 U ' Ia ’
Abdulla that the procedure for the selection of the members of the Majlis 1920 , p. soro.
was laid down in the Bahrein
Order in Council
A regulation issued by the sovereign of the United Kingdom on the advice of the Privy Council.
and that it was not within
their competence to alter it, but that in practice the Arab representatives
were understood to be appointed by Sheikh Isa, and that although this
appointment was subject to the approval of the
Political Agent
A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency.
as representing
the Protecting Power, the
Political Agent
A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency.
would never interfere or refuse his
approval without just cause ; that as regards his third point, the request was
an old one which had received much consideration, and that the Government
of India remained unable to accede to it in view of the difficulties involved ;
while as regards direct correspondence, the political relations of Bahrein
were conducted with the Government of India and that it was proper
therefore that His Excellency should address them and not His Majesty’s
Government. They would if necessar} r forward his correspondence to
His Majesty’s Government. As regards the first and most important request,
the Government of India agreed that he should exercise jurisdiction over
the subjects of other Arab rulers, subject to the formal concurrence of those
rulers. Ibn Saudt, however, and the Sheikh of Katr, the one previously, the I If f r
other subsequently, took exception to the exercise of control over their c.c., Baghdad, to g. of i.,
subjects by the Sheikh of Bahrein, and requested the
Political Agent
A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency.
to 4801 ’ Apnl 15 l92 °-
exercise the jurisdiction in question. The
Political Agent
A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency.
in consequence
issued on 20th November 1920,f a notice that all foreign subjects, including t Desp. from^Po 1 . Res. to
Persians and subjects of Arab rulers and Chiefs other than those of Bahrein, sept. 11927 , r. siitS/ 27 . ’
were, while in Bahrein, entitled to British protection. The transfer to the
Political Agent
A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency.
of jurisdiction over all foreigners did not improve relations
between the
Political Agent
A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency.
and Sheikh Isa, already none too good as a
result of the interference by Government in a dispute between the Sheikh
and ibn Sand as to the duty to be levied on goods proceeding to Hasa,
consequent on which Sheikh Isa had been compelled to accept 2 per cent.
duty instead of the 5 per cent, which he desired, and in which he regarded of^'hb^sept
Government as having favoured Ibn Sand at his expense.§ p. 1931/26.
11. This (condition of affairs coincided with an internal crisis of a
different character, which was destined to lead up to drastic intervention
by His Majesty’s Government and the deposition of Sheikh Isa. The
difficult situation produced by the Sheikh’s misgovernment, and its reactions
on the position of Great Britain in the Islands, have already been mentioned.
Captain Bray, in May 1919, expressed the opinion that there was in Bahrein
a considerable feeling of hostility to His Majesty’s Government “due to Capt fi»v t° cji,
religious, economical, personal and war reasons, and no British party, and p.5040/20.
that the activities of the American missionaries were anti-British. Major
H. R. P. Dickson, C.I.E., a highly qualified officer with a distinguished
record of service in Mesopotamia, who succeeded him as
Political Agent
A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency.
,
reported in Januarv 1920; that the political situation in Bahrein, while in II Letter from Major
-e . *■ n . A . xi x xi . 1 Dickson to Pol. Res., 6 C..
no way dangerous, was wholly unsatisfactory ; that there was a strong and jan. 1920, i\ 504c
deep-seated anti-British sentiment of long standing, and that British prestige
rested on fear and not on respect. The gross oppression “ amounting to
About this item
- Content
Document outlining the administration and history of Bahrein [Bahrain] from 1908-28. Covering:
- administration – control by the Government of India and titular Shaikh of the Islands, Bahrein's status as an independent Arab State, internal administration conducted by the Shaikh and a European Financial Advisor and European Director of Customs, the roles of the Bahrein Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , and the responsibility for expenditure;
- internal History of Bahrein (including relations with His Majesty's Government), 1908-23 – concerning Sheikh Isa [Shaikh Īsá bin ‘Alī Āl Khalīfah] and the events leading up to his deposition;
- internal History of Bahrein (including relations with His Majesty's Government), 1923-28 – concerning Sheikh Hamad [Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah] and the role of the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. ;
- oil in Bahrein;
- external Relations of Bahrein (other than with His Majesty's Government) 1908-28 – concerning Turkey, Persia and the reassertion of Persian claim to Bahrein and appeal to the League of Nations in 1927, and Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd].
It also includes a summary, notes the position in Bahrein of His Majesty's Government, lists points referred to in connection with the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Sub-Committee, and states the view expressed by the Government of India.
Written by John Gilbert Laithwaite of the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. .
- Extent and format
- 1 file (6 folios)
- Arrangement
The file consists of a single document.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 17, and terminates at f 22, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/18/B396
- Title
- 'Bahrein, 1908-1928'
- Pages
- 17r:22v
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence