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File 757/1909 'Persian Gulf:- Turkey and Turkish aggression (Occupation of Zakhnuniyeh Island. Attitude in piracy cases. Mudirs at Zubara, Odaid and Wakra) British Relations with Turkey in Persian Gulf' [‎144r] (292/495)

The record is made up of 1 volume (245 folios). It was created in 1909-1911. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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Vnli vl nf V he S1 f kli •?/ KoW i t has been subjected by Suleiman Nazif Bey the late
ln«I . t u 1 ’ W1 1 t !, re gard to the property which he purchased, in the’course of
last yeai, from Ahmed Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. -el-Zoheir at a price of £, T nnn ^'TnVi i i
down When Wc T , Sheikh Mubm-ekhK^o W
luikish I-and Office he was informed that he must register himself as a Turkish
subject : such a demand in reference to a transfer of land had never before been made
c excellency should inform the Minister for Foreign Affairs that His Maiestv’s
Oovernment regard the conduct of the late Vali in this matter as an at en.h t J rt
the status quo with regard to Koweit, which is the basis of the understanding between
H.s Majesty s Government and the Ottoman Government in this imporLnt question
t,- 11 Mpears, moreover, from reliable and circumstantial reports, that the late Vali
aefkh y M 0 ubZk^ m title TU the Vendor °i the Feda g hi a Property to impugn
absurdity of repudiating the salehn\l~ ^
well aHhat ophe" BriiLTconsul! 6 VeDd01 '’ b ° re th ° Se ° f aU the B ~ h '-‘^es
His Majesty’s Government rely upon the Ottoman Government to briim obont n
sabsfactory settlement of the registration of this property; thev have no wish to raise
difficulties with regard to the past conduct of an official who has since been recalled •
but I must add that the incident is vexatious, and serves to deepen the impression
entertained by His Majesty s Government of ill-will on the part of the Turkish officials.
V r U f p 1S iecent ciea J in ^ s . wlt { 1 Sheikh of Mohammerah the conduct of the late
^ a^ of Pussorah has been in the highest degree violent, vindictive, and unjust.
M. * + , lb kno ™ t0 Hls Majesty’s Government from reports received from His
Majesty s Consul at Bussorah that there were no disturbances of importance on the
Shat-el-Arab during last winter, that the Sheikh recently exercised his good
o ices m the endeavour to promote a reconciliation between the Vali and an
important Arab chief of Turkish nationality, and that the Sheikh has in fact
carried his conciliatory attitude towards Nazif Bey so far as to acquiesce without
complaint m the destruction of houses belonging to him at Bussorah. It is further
known through His Majesty’s Consul at Mohammerah that Sheikh
endeavoured to promote friendly relations between Nazif Bey and
rusht-i-Kuh.
Such was the situation at the end of March last when the Sheikh
appeared still to be on the best of terms. Shortly afterwards, however, the" Vali
brought against the Sheikh certain accusations into the nature of which it is
unnecessary to enter m detail, since your Excellency is already familiar with it from
the correspondence which has passed on the subject. No serious proof of the truth of
these accusations was ever offered, nor was any opportunity ever given to the Sheikh
to disprove the charges brought against him, which he was perfectly able and
willing to do. On the contrary, the Vali totally ignored a friendly and conciliatory
letter addressed to him by the Sheikh, expressing the intention of proceeding to
Bussorah to discuss the matters in dispute, and, further, on the Sheikh’s arrival
there on the fbth April, most unjustifiably and discourteously refused to receive
him at all.
Khazal has
the Vali of
and the Vali
ali
is
The Sheikh had no alternative but to return to Mohammerah. On the 24th April
the \ ali issued circular instructions to the local officials under his jurisdiction
summarily to remove all headmen dependent on the Sheikh, and on the 25th April
during the latter’s absence at Ahwaz, the Turkish gun-boat “ Marmaris,” actino on
the orders of Nazif Bey. shelled the village of Zain belonging to the Sheikh, which
was afterwards looted and destroyed by Turkish soldiers. In the course of this
attack the house of the Sheikh’s mother was burnt, and one of his wives died from
shock caused by the bombardment.
On the 26th April the Vali, in two official letters addressed to the Persian Consul
at Bussorah, went so far as to threaten action against Mohammerah itself in the event
of failure to comply with his demands.
In spite of the injury and provocation which he had received, Sheikh Khazal
continued to be guided by the advice of His Majesty’s Government by maintaining
a conciliatory attitude, by restraining his agents and supporters from any aggressive
action, and by adopting their suggestions with respect to the wording & of his
communications with the Vali. The latter, on the contrary, displayed strong
lesentment at the attempts made by His Majesty’s Consul at Bussorah, under
instructions from His Majesty’s Government, to promote an understandino- between
him and the Sheikh.

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Content

The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes, relating to the Turkish occupation of Zakhnuniyah Island, the Ottoman attitude towards piracy cases, and the appointment of officials in Zubara, Odeid and Wakra.

The discussion in the volume relates to the Turkish occupation of a disused fort (built by Shaikh Ali bin Khalifah, Ruler of Bahrain) on Zakhnuniyah Island and the placing of Ottoman officials in Zubara, Odeid and Wakra. Correspondence reflects British concerns over Turkish claims to sovereignty in the coastal area of the Qatar Peninsula and how these could best be resisted, particularly in the strategic context of the construction of the Berlin to Baghdad railway. In discussing Zakhnuniyah, reference is made to typed extract of the relevant page (1937) of Lorimer's Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Gazetteer (Geographical and Statistical Volume) which describes how the Dawasir tribe halted there, during the course of their emigration from Najd (see folio 236).

Further discussion surrounds Turkish obstruction of the investigation of cases of piracy in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. and the proposed visit of H M S Redbreast to Al Bidaa.

Included in the volume are copies of the Committee for Imperial Defence papers 'Turkish Agression in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. " and 'Local Action in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ' (ff 12-15).

The principal correspondents in the volume include the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey); the Viceroy of India; the ruler of Bahrain; the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Kuwait (Captain William Henry Irvine Shakespear); the British Ambassador to Constantinople; His Britannic Majesty's Acting Consul for Arabistan (Lieutenant Arnold Talbot Wilson); the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Zachariah Cox); the Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department.

Extent and format
1 volume (245 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.

The subject 757 ( Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. . Turkish Aggression) consists of 1 volume IOR/L/PS/10/162.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 241; these numbers are written in pencil and are located at the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.

The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the two leading and ending flyleaves.

A flap is pasted to the verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. of folio 188.

Written in
English in Latin script
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File 757/1909 'Persian Gulf:- Turkey and Turkish aggression (Occupation of Zakhnuniyeh Island. Attitude in piracy cases. Mudirs at Zubara, Odaid and Wakra) British Relations with Turkey in Persian Gulf' [‎144r] (292/495), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/10/162, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100030529667.0x00005d> [accessed 19 March 2024]

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