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File 757/1909 'Persian Gulf:- Turkey and Turkish aggression (Occupation of Zakhnuniyeh Island. Attitude in piracy cases. Mudirs at Zubara, Odaid and Wakra) British Relations with Turkey in Persian Gulf' [‎161r] (326/495)

The record is made up of 1 volume (245 folios). It was created in 1909-1911. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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'_Ihus on the 7th May, 1883, Lord Granville
wrote to Musurus Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. , then Ottoman Ambassa
dor in London, that “ the claim of the Porte to
rights of sovereignty over the El Katr coast has
never been admitted by Her Majesty’s Govern
ment, and again, in a note verbale of the
12th August, 1895, Her Majesty’s Government
stated that fhey did not recognise Turkish
jurisdiction on the El Katr coast.”
El Odeid being separated from Ujair by the
LI Katr Peninsula, there can be no question
v hatever as to the nature of the claim apparently
made by Turkey to the former place.
lour Excellency should point out to the
Minister for Foreign Affairs that His Majesty’s
Go\eminent regard the appointment of a Turkish
mudir at El Odeid as an act amounting to terri
torial encroachment, and that they request the
Ottoman Government to rescind the appointment
foithwithn
On the 30th May, 1909, I informed your
Excellency that the Turks had some time
previously occupied the island of Zakhnuniyeh,
which lies some 10 miles south-east of Ujair ; that
they had hoisted the Turkish flag on a fort, and
had arranged to keep a guard there; that the
Sheikh of Bahrein had protested to His Majesty’s
Government against this occupation, his father
having built the fort, where he used to keep a
garrison, fifty years ago; and that the island,
which had no permanent inhabitants, had been
regularly isited for purposes of fishing, by natives
of Bahrein.^In these circumstances your Excel
lency was instructed to request the Ottoman
Government to withdraw the garrison on the
ground of terminating a disturbance of the status
quo ; and your representations were to be based
not only on the title of the Sheikh of Bahrein to
the island, but also on the fact that it is situated
some distance to the south-east of Ujair, the
furthest limit of Ottoman jurisdiction.
Although the Ottoman Minister for Foreign
Affairs informed your Excellency that the
garrison had been withdrawn in June 1909, it
has since been reinstated in the island, and,
according to the latest reports, has quite recently
been reinforced : and the Ottoman authorities in
regard to this question seem set upon dis
regarding your Excellency’s repeated representa
tions on the subject.
I have accordingly to instruct your Excellency
[740] C

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Content

The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes, relating to the Turkish occupation of Zakhnuniyah Island, the Ottoman attitude towards piracy cases, and the appointment of officials in Zubara, Odeid and Wakra.

The discussion in the volume relates to the Turkish occupation of a disused fort (built by Shaikh Ali bin Khalifah, Ruler of Bahrain) on Zakhnuniyah Island and the placing of Ottoman officials in Zubara, Odeid and Wakra. Correspondence reflects British concerns over Turkish claims to sovereignty in the coastal area of the Qatar Peninsula and how these could best be resisted, particularly in the strategic context of the construction of the Berlin to Baghdad railway. In discussing Zakhnuniyah, reference is made to typed extract of the relevant page (1937) of Lorimer's Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Gazetteer (Geographical and Statistical Volume) which describes how the Dawasir tribe halted there, during the course of their emigration from Najd (see folio 236).

Further discussion surrounds Turkish obstruction of the investigation of cases of piracy in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. and the proposed visit of H M S Redbreast to Al Bidaa.

Included in the volume are copies of the Committee for Imperial Defence papers 'Turkish Agression in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. " and 'Local Action in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ' (ff 12-15).

The principal correspondents in the volume include the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey); the Viceroy of India; the ruler of Bahrain; the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Kuwait (Captain William Henry Irvine Shakespear); the British Ambassador to Constantinople; His Britannic Majesty's Acting Consul for Arabistan (Lieutenant Arnold Talbot Wilson); the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Zachariah Cox); the Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department.

Extent and format
1 volume (245 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.

The subject 757 ( Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. . Turkish Aggression) consists of 1 volume IOR/L/PS/10/162.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 241; these numbers are written in pencil and are located at the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.

The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the two leading and ending flyleaves.

A flap is pasted to the verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. of folio 188.

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English in Latin script
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File 757/1909 'Persian Gulf:- Turkey and Turkish aggression (Occupation of Zakhnuniyeh Island. Attitude in piracy cases. Mudirs at Zubara, Odaid and Wakra) British Relations with Turkey in Persian Gulf' [‎161r] (326/495), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/10/162, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100030529667.0x00007f> [accessed 29 March 2024]

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