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File 757/1909 'Persian Gulf:- Turkey and Turkish aggression (Occupation of Zakhnuniyeh Island. Attitude in piracy cases. Mudirs at Zubara, Odaid and Wakra) British Relations with Turkey in Persian Gulf' [‎220v] (445/495)

The record is made up of 1 volume (245 folios). It was created in 1909-1911. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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2IS
From Viceroy, 23rd May 1909.
t oieign Secret. Bahrein, In March last Mudir of Ojair visited island of
Zakhnuniyah and ran up Turkish flag on ruined fort on the island.
Zakhnuniyah is small island 10 miles south of Ojair, has no permanent
inhabitants, but is frequented in winter by Bahrein Dowasir and claimed
by Sheikh of Bahrein. Prideaux, who visited island on 18th March, found
Turkish flag attached to a mast on the fort. He was informed by Dowasir
that Mudir had enquired whether they were coming under Turkish rule.
I hey replied in negative, and refused to comply with Mudir’s request to
run up and lower Turkish flag daily.
Cox telegraphs, 6th May, that tower on the Island has now been repaired
by Turks who have arranged to keep guard of 20 men there relieving them
from Ojair daily. Sheik of Bahrein desires to protest against Turkish
occupation. He says that fort was built by his father, Sheikh All, with
concurrence of h^ejd Amir, and that he used to keep garrison on the island.
e consider that claim of Sheikh should be supported. His Majesty's
Government have never recognised Ottoman jurisdiction as extending south
of Ojair. We recommend that Porte be informed that island belongs to
Bahrein, and they be pressed to issue orders to Mudir to remove garrison
posted on the island. Cox also recommends, and we agree, that Sheikh of
Bahrein be advised to fly his flag there. Copies of correspondence were
despatched by mail of 20th.
Foreign Secret. Zakhnuniyah Island. His Majesty’s Ambassador at
Constantinople instructed 30th May to bring facts to the notice of Porte, and
to ask them to send orders for the withdrawal of the garrison on the ground
of avoiding any disturbance of the status quo.
It seemed desirable not to raise question of our protectorate over Bahrein
in the first instance. As to proposed advice to Sheikh to fly his own flag,
result of our representations can be awaited before deciding on any line of
action.
J
From Secretary of State to Viceroy, Foreign Department,
Mh June 1909.

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Content

The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes, relating to the Turkish occupation of Zakhnuniyah Island, the Ottoman attitude towards piracy cases, and the appointment of officials in Zubara, Odeid and Wakra.

The discussion in the volume relates to the Turkish occupation of a disused fort (built by Shaikh Ali bin Khalifah, Ruler of Bahrain) on Zakhnuniyah Island and the placing of Ottoman officials in Zubara, Odeid and Wakra. Correspondence reflects British concerns over Turkish claims to sovereignty in the coastal area of the Qatar Peninsula and how these could best be resisted, particularly in the strategic context of the construction of the Berlin to Baghdad railway. In discussing Zakhnuniyah, reference is made to typed extract of the relevant page (1937) of Lorimer's Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Gazetteer (Geographical and Statistical Volume) which describes how the Dawasir tribe halted there, during the course of their emigration from Najd (see folio 236).

Further discussion surrounds Turkish obstruction of the investigation of cases of piracy in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. and the proposed visit of H M S Redbreast to Al Bidaa.

Included in the volume are copies of the Committee for Imperial Defence papers 'Turkish Agression in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. " and 'Local Action in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ' (ff 12-15).

The principal correspondents in the volume include the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey); the Viceroy of India; the ruler of Bahrain; the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Kuwait (Captain William Henry Irvine Shakespear); the British Ambassador to Constantinople; His Britannic Majesty's Acting Consul for Arabistan (Lieutenant Arnold Talbot Wilson); the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Zachariah Cox); the Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department.

Extent and format
1 volume (245 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.

The subject 757 ( Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. . Turkish Aggression) consists of 1 volume IOR/L/PS/10/162.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 241; these numbers are written in pencil and are located at the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.

The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the two leading and ending flyleaves.

A flap is pasted to the verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. of folio 188.

Written in
English in Latin script
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File 757/1909 'Persian Gulf:- Turkey and Turkish aggression (Occupation of Zakhnuniyeh Island. Attitude in piracy cases. Mudirs at Zubara, Odaid and Wakra) British Relations with Turkey in Persian Gulf' [‎220v] (445/495), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/10/162, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100030529668.0x00002e> [accessed 28 March 2024]

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