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File 951/1912 Pt 1 'Bahrein Order in Council' [‎193r] (396/424)

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The record is made up of 1 volume (205 folios). It was created in 8 Jun 1911-19 Jan 1915. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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Bahrein. It is now suggested that it bo altered to ee Any person not a subject
of Bahrein ; the reason for the suggestion being that there are denominations
among the inhabitants and frequenters of Bahrein of whom it can hardly be
said that they come within the former category.
Tinder present conditions the term “ Foreigner ” in Bahrein embraces
^ the following denominations in practice :—
(i) Subjects of Christian Powers.
(ii) Subjects of Turkey and Persia and other non-Christian Powers.
(Hi) Dependents of petty Mohammedan Bulers on the shores or hinter
land of the Gulfs of Persia and Oman, such as the Trucial Coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates.
Shaikhs and the Iluler of Koweit, enjoying a greater or less
measure of protection from the British Government.
(iv) Natives of Katar or other semi-independent tracts not enjoying
any measure of British protection outside Bahrein.
Since the events of the winter of 1901-1905, ending with the Ultimatum
to Shaikh Esa and the deportation of his nephew Shaikh Ali bin Ahmed, the
protection or good offices of the Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. have been extended, when asked, to
persons of all the above categories, and the usage has so far received the recogni
tion and acquiescence of the Shaikh, that his officials are now in the habit of
bringing members of them spontaneously to the British Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. for the
investigation and adjustment of their claims.
This development operates greatly in our favour, as enhancing our good
name and influence among the trading classes of the Gulf and enabling the
latter to obtain a measure of even-handed justice which otherwise they could
hardly hope to get.
It operates especially in favour of the diving fraternity, an oppressed and
deserving class, who can now count upon getting fair treatment at the hands of
the Salifah Court, which, but for our good offices, would often be denied them.
It will be understood, however, that under this comprehensive definition
of the term foreigner, the onus of protection which has gradually been forced
upon us and of which we can hardly now divest ourselves, becomes a somewhat
heavy one, and necessitates in my judgment, the provision of a system of
Begistration for the restriction and control of it.
On these grounds a set of regulations for Begistration has been included,
under which a foreigner, while in any case subject to adverse jurisdiction of
the Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. when necessary, will not be entitled to claim it unless registered.
In paragraph 2 of the Foreign Department communication under reply it
was stated that reference to Begistration had provisionally been omitted on the
ground that the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. does not exercise Consular powers, but as my
opinion was asked on the subject, I presume that the application of regulations
for Begistration by a Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. is not considered wholly impracticable on
any technical grounds.
6. The third fundamental modification which has been suggested and
which needs explanation here concerns the quarter to which Appeals shall lie
from the Court of the Political Agenr. at Bahrein.
In this connection it will be noted that in my Utter No. 76 of 25th
February 1906 and in Government of India letter No. 1-G., 188 (Secret
External) of 14th November 1907 to His Majesty’s Secretary of State, it was
suggested that the District Court at Bahrein should he subordinate to the High
Court at Bombay.
The close examination of this question, however, from all points of view,
has brought the Political Agents and myself to the unanimous opinion that it
. will be against the interests of the Bahrein community, and our political
interests, that Appeal should lie to the High Court, and it is therefore hoped
that the Government of India will see their way to recommend that the Court
of the Besident in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. be constituted the “Chief Court” for
purposes of Appeals under this Order.
I submit that the grounds in favour of the adoption of this course are
cogent.

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Content

The volume concerns proposals for, and the drafting and publication of the Bahrein [Bahrain] Order in Council A regulation issued by the sovereign of the United Kingdom on the advice of the Privy Council. , 1913.

The correspondence is mainly between the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Zachariah Cox), the Viceroy of India (Lord Hardinge of Penshurst), and senior officials of the Government of India, the Foreign Office and the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. . The volume also contains draft and published copies of the Bahrain Order in Council A regulation issued by the sovereign of the United Kingdom on the advice of the Privy Council. , and a copy of the (Indian) Pilgrim Ships Act, 1895.

Topics discussed in the correspondence include the judicial powers to be granted to the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Bahrain; the proposal that the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Bahrain be empowered to act as a British Slave-Court under the Slave Trade Acts of 1873 and 1879; the application to the Order in Council A regulation issued by the sovereign of the United Kingdom on the advice of the Privy Council. of the Pilgrim Ships Act, 1895 by King's Regulation rather than by inclusion in the schedule to the Order; publication of the Order in the Gazette of India ; and the need to bring the Order into operation without delay.

The date range gives the covering dates of all the documents and notes in the volume. The covering dates of the Political and Secret Department minute sheets are 1911-14.

Extent and format
1 volume (205 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.

The subject 951 (Bahrain Order in Council A regulation issued by the sovereign of the United Kingdom on the advice of the Privy Council. ) consists of two volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/248-249. The volumes are divided into two parts, with each part comprising one volume.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 207; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located at the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 111-206; these numbers are also written in pencil and circled, but are crossed through.

Written in
English in Latin script
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File 951/1912 Pt 1 'Bahrein Order in Council' [‎193r] (396/424), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/10/248, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100032479434.0x0000c5> [accessed 28 March 2024]

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