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File 2182/1913 Pt 7 'Arabia: Policy toward Ibn Saud' [171r] (343/420)
The record is made up of 1 item (206 folios). It was created in 4 Jan 1918-7 Aug 1918. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
The history of modern Arabia has been determined by
two main factors; the rise and growth of the Vfahabi power
in Nejd and the attempts made by the Turks to enforce their
dominion over deserts where the suzerainty of an exterior
or centralised government has never been permanent.
Between 1784 and 1804, under Ibn Saud^ ancestor Abdul
Aziz, the Wahabis pillaged Iraq and Kerbela, exacted tribute
from Bahrain, threatened Oman, captured and purged Mecca, and
pillaged Medina driving out the Turkish representative. The
sacking of Hodeida in the South was the furthest extension of
the Wahabi power, but in 1810 a Wahabi army ravaged the Hauran
and all but reached Damascus, whilst Saud*s son, Abdul, raided
almost to Baghdad. The Turks then turned to the Khedivial
family for assistancs and the Wahabi conquests were checked
by a series of expeditions from Egypt led either by Mohammed
All himself or his sons Tahsin and Ibrahim
Pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
. However,
in 1817 Ibrahim over-ran Qasim and in 1818 the Wahabi Emir
Abdullah bin Saud was sent a prisoner to Constantinople where
he was beheaded. Wahabi authority was established at Riyadh
in 1845, but in 1871 Turkish troops reoccupied Hasa and
Abdulla bin Feisal ibn Saud accepted the title of Qaimmaqam of
Nejd.
In 1835 the Rashid family at Hail rose to prominence.
Dissension between Hail and Riyadh commenced in 1877 leading
£o the seizure by Mohammed Ibn Rashid of Qasim in 1882 and
iyadh in 1887. Until his death in 1897 he remained in
^absolute possession of Central Arabia, encouraged by the Porte
who have invariably maintained the policy of assisting the
Rashid family as a means of maintaining touch with the
interior of Arabia.
In 1914
About this item
- Content
Part 7 primarily concerns relations between Bin Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and King Hussein of Hedjaz [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī, King of Hejaz].
It includes discussion as to whether Britain should provide Bin Saud with military assistance to enable him to take decisive action against Bin Rashid (also referred to as Ibn Rashid) [Saʿūd bin ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Āl Rashīd, Emir of Ha'il]. The policy advocated by the Government of India is that Bin Saud should be 'kept in play' by gifts of money but that arms and military instructors should be supplied sparingly. Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Percy Zachariah Cox and Harry St John Bridger Philby, on the other hand, favour an offensive against Hail [Ha'il] by Bin Saud, with British assistance. Also included are the following:
- a memorandum from the War Cabinet's Middle East Committee, on the position of Bin Rashid in relation to other Arab rulers;
- a note entitled 'Relations With Ibn Sa'ud', prepared by the Arab Bureau's Irak [Iraq] section, which provides a British perspective on Britain's relations with Bin Saud from 1899 onwards;
- notes on conversations held between Colonel Cyril Edward Wilson and Major Kinahan Cornwallis of the Arab Bureau, and Emir Abdulla [ʿAbdullāh bin al-Ḥusayn], son of King Hussein, during December 1917;
- a copy of a report by David George Hogarth on his interviews with King Hussein at Jeddah;
- a memorandum from the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Kuwait, Colonel Robert Edward Archibald Hamilton, which is primarily concerned with relations between Kuwait and Riyadh;
- notes by Hamilton on Bin Saud, based on conversations with the latter at Riyadh in November 1917;
- correspondence between British officials regarding King Hussein's attempt to reoccupy Khurma and its impact on his relations with Bin Saud.
This item features the following principal correspondents:
- Viceroy of India [Frederic John Napier Thesiger];
- Secretary to the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. 's Political Department (John Evelyn Shuckburgh);
- High Commissioner, Egypt (General Sir Francis Reginald Wingate);
- War Office;
- Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Percy Zachariah Cox;
- Secretary of State for India [Edwin Samuel Montagu];
- Foreign Office;
- King Hussein;
- Bin Saud.
- Extent and format
- 1 item (206 folios)
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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File 2182/1913 Pt 7 'Arabia: Policy toward Ibn Saud' [171r] (343/420), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/10/389/1, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100032845622.0x000099> [accessed 20 April 2024]
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- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/10/389/1
- Title
- File 2182/1913 Pt 7 'Arabia: Policy toward Ibn Saud'
- Pages
- 3r:57v, 61r:96v, 97ar, 97r:97v, 98ar, 98r:98v, 99ar, 99r:99v, 100ar, 100r:102v, 103ar, 103r:108v, 109ar, 109r:113v, 118r:194v, 195ar, 195r:198v, 199ar, 199r:208v
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence