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Coll 5/18 ‘Air Route to India (Arab Coast): Use of landing grounds by foreign aircraft’ [‎384r] (768/1090)

The record is made up of 1 file (544 folios). It was created in 5 Aug 1932-20 Sep 1941. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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Memo. No. B. 440.
P.Z. 4121/34
Air Navigation Regulations for Civil Aircraft for the Territory of
Bahrein, and Conditions governing the use of the Aerodrome at
Muharraq approved by His Excellency Sheikh Hamad bin Tsa
A1 Khalifah, C.S.I., Ruler of Bahrein.
I.—Air Navigation Regulations for Civil Aircraft.
1; Aircraft shall not fly over or land in the territory of Bahrein except under a
special authorisation issued by His Excellency the Sheikh.
2. Aircraft so authorised, when flying over or landing in the territory of Bahrein,
shall comply wdth the following general regulations in addition to such other
supplementary conditions as may be specified in the authorisation.
g- (i) The aircraft shall be registered and bear the prescribed nationality and
registration marks painted on the aircraft in the prescribed manner.
(ii) The aircraft shall be certified as airworthy in the prescribed manner, and any
terms or conditions on or subject to which the certificate of airworthiness was granted
shall be duly complied with.
(iii) 1 he personnel of the aircraft shall be of the prescribed number and
description and shall be provided with the prescribed certificates of competency
and licences.
(iv) There shall be carried in the aircraft the prescribed documents and journev
log book kept up to date in the prescribed form and manner. In addition, if the
aircraft carries passengers, there shall be carried a list of their names and, if it carries
freight, bills of lading and manifest in respect thereof.
(v) In this regulation “prescribed” means prescribed by the law of the State on
whose register the aircraft is entered.
4. The aircraft shall not use as a place of landing or departure any place other
than the aerodrome at Muharraq.
The published conditions governing the use of the aerodrome shall be observed.
5. The aircraft and the persons on board shall conform to such orders as may be
lawfully given by any authorised person.
6. Personnel of the aircraft required to be provided with licences shall on demand
produce their licences for the inspection of any authorised person.
The person in charge of the aircraft shall on demand by an authorised person
produce any prescribed certificate, licence or log book relating to the aircraft and, if
it carries passengers or freight, the list of names and the bills of lading and manifest
respectively.
7. Any authorised person shall have the right of access at all reasonable times
to any aircraft for the purpose of carrying out his powers and duties under these
regulations.
8. The aircraft shall comply with the rules as to lights and signals and rules for
air traffic prescribed in Annex D of the Convention for the Regulation of Aerial
Navigation, dated 13th October 1919.
9. The aircraft shall comply in customs matters with the provisions of Annex H
of the aforesaid Convention.
10. The aircraft and persons on board shall immediately on arrival from abroad
and prior to departure for abroad submit to the sanitary formalities prescribed by
the Public Health Administration.
11. The time of the intended arrival from abroad at, and of departure for abroad
from Muharraq Aerodrome shall be notified beforehand to the Customs, Public Health
and Police Administrations.
12. Persons on board aircraft shall be in possession of valid national passports to
be produced on demand to any authorised person. Through passengers not breaking
journey will not require transit visas. Passengers breaking journey or leaving the
aerodrome will need visas for the State.
13. Subject to the provisions of these regulations, the laws and regulations for the
time being in force in Bahrein concerning the entry into and departure from Bahrein

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Content

The file contains correspondence, and related India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. notes, regarding the Arabian Coast air route linking Europe and Asia. In particular, it is concerned with Britain's policy over restricting access to this route to non-British aircraft. It contains applications from the Governments of France, Italy, and the Netherlands for permission for their companies to access this route. These companies being: Air France, Ala Littoria, and Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij (KLM) respectively. The focus of these applications is on obtaining access to landing grounds at Gwadur, Kuwait, Bahrain (Muharraq), Sharjah, and Yas Island. The file contains a record of the British response to these applications, which is largely correspondence between officials over the extent that they can legitimately exclude these companies from the region; there is particular concern over keeping Sharjah aerodrome an exclusively British preserve.

As a result of a policy decision made by the British Government to allow Air France and KLM access to Muharraq and Gwadur (for refuelling and in cases of emergency), the file includes periodic applications from these companies to the Shaikh of Bahrain and the Sultan of Muscat for authorisation to use these aerodromes.

The correspondence dating from the Second World War (1939-1945) largely relates to a reversal of British policy – due to wartime difficulties – which allowed KLM to run regular air services via Bahrain and Sharjah for the duration of the war. It also contains discussion related to an attempt to secure a wartime agreement to facilitate the utilisation of KLM aircraft for war purposes by the British.

The correspondence with the Government of France and with Air France is in French, as is a small proportion of the correspondence with the Government of the Netherlands. Overall, the French language content forms only a small proportion of the material within the file.

The main correspondents are as follows: the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain, and the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. and Consul at Muscat. There is also correspondence with officials of the following British Government departments: the Air Ministry, the Foreign Office, the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. , and the Foreign and Political Department of the Government of India (External Affairs Department from 1937). Correspondence is frequently forwarded to the Under-Secretary of State for India by the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.

The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.

Extent and format
1 file (544 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 545; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is present between ff 2-544 is also circled, but has been superseded and therefore crossed out.

Written in
English and French in Latin script
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Coll 5/18 ‘Air Route to India (Arab Coast): Use of landing grounds by foreign aircraft’ [‎384r] (768/1090), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/12/1964, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100033385821.0x0000a9> [accessed 29 March 2024]

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