'GAZETTEER OF PERSIA. VOL. III.' [‎258v] (521/982)

606
KAZ—KAZ
above market-value. He is also obliged to give a certain quantity of straw
to Government officials whenever required.
« a ra’lyat, when a landowner and cultivating his own grounds, has to pay
I51 p e r cent.’ on his harvest in cash at the above enhanced valuation.
“ A poor rcTiyat pays about 60 brans annually in cash to Government.
There is another class of ra^iyats^ who are obliged to buy at 30 per cent,
above market-value a certain portion of the produce received by Govern
ment as taxes. A wealthy ra’iyat is entirely at the mercy of the authorities,
a sum of about 1,000 brans being annually levied from him.
“ The value of one gdu of land is from 100 brans to 600 brans according
to the locality.
“To start a cultivation an expense of about 15 tumdns is necessary,
viz :—
One ox valuing ..
Seeds „ ••
Labour about
Straw and cotton seeds
Sundries
50 brans.
60
14 „
16 „
10
“ One donkey is also maintained by a ra’iyat when undertaking 4 or
more gdus of cultivation.
“ About 2,000 lbs. of grain are sufficient for cultivating one gdu of ground
at Kazarun.
« i n the case of saifi cultivation, no distinction is made by Government
between a ra’iyat and non-ru iyat.
®‘ Saifi, or spring, sowings are always undertaken by proprietors of water
and agriculturists conjointly, the proprietor providing the water and the
ground, and the agriculturists finding the seed, labour, implements, etc.
“ Should the water-owner, however, not be a landowner as well, any
other landowner would be but too glad to permit his lands to be used for
saifi cultivation gratis, inasmuch as the soil becomes enriched by manuring
■which the saifi cultivation necessitates.
« time taken up for saifi sowings is about 7 months, the following
being cultivated : tobacco, water-melon, musk-melon, vegetables, cotton,
sesame seeds, lentils, etc., rice, gram.
“ A tax of 20 per cent, ad valorem on the outturn is levied by Govern
ment, three-fifths of which is payable by the proprietor of the water and
two-fifths by the cultivator, and the balance is equally divided between the
proprietor and cultivator.
“ £i ce an d gram, however, form an exception, and are cultivated under
the following conditions :— * ! • . ji
qhe agriculturist recoups himself for the quantity of seed supplied by
him after harvest. He then goes equal shares with the water-owner, who
alone pays Government taxes as follows : if a ra’iyat, he pays three-fifths
of his shares to Government; if a non-ra’iyat, he pays only half, the agri
culturist paying no tax on his share. .
“ In all cases the Government share of the produce is to be carried to
Government stores at the cultivator’s expense.