'GAZETTEER OF PERSIA. VOL. III.' [‎314r] (632/982)

LUR—LUR
617
The Fath-us-Sultan fought for six or seven years for the supremacy
with Qasim Khan, the struggle only being terminated by the death of the
latter, and the acceptance of the supremacy of the Fath-us-Sultan by his
dead rival relatives. Various and widely different estimates (1904) have been
made of the fighting strength of this tribe, and it has been put as high
as 18,000 to 28,000 men , while it is also stated on equally good authority
to be 1,500 sowars and 1,500 tufangchis. It may be taken that the
first estimate is excessive, and the more probably correct numbers are 2 000
tents or 10,000 souls.
The Kalcawand occupy the mountain ranges flanking the valley of Niha-
vand, while their lands run westward and norhwards towards Harsin and
Sehura and southwards with certain interruptions as far as Hulilan, on the
Kara Su river, where they have their qishldqs. They obtain their livelihood
from cultivation and their considerable flocks. Their number have been
estimated at 2,000 tents, or 10,000 souls in all. They are sub-divided into a
number of small divisions ; the principal of which are the Tajinawand or
Aulad Taj, Muzaffarwand, Barikwand, Aulad’All Mikailwand, Valadhand,
Ghaib Ghulam, Ghaibghum or Aulad Ghaib, Zaid, Bahram and Khiwand!
But the tribe generally is Becoming gradually dispersed, many families goings
to Khazal of Nihavand and to Kirmanshah.
The Itiawand are the neighbours of the Kakawand still farther to the south-
east, and inhabit the localities known as Duliskan, Kangavari and Sarkashti;
the last-named being a spur of the Safid Kuh. Owing to, the high elevation
upon which their habitations are fixed, they enjoy a most temperate climate,
m midsummer, as well as all the fruits of such a climate, and which are,
further, of excellent quality. Their lands are also well-wooded and afford
luxuriant pasturage for their flocks. Their qishldq, or winter quarters, near
Hulilan, run into what is now reckoned to be within the jurisdiotion of the
province of Kirmanshah. The estimated number of this tribe was 4,000
tents, but of these only some 1,500 remain at the present day, the re
mainder having become merged with inhabitants of Kirmanshah or
migrated to Kangavar or Khazal. The Itiawand are sub-divided into
numerous branches, formerly reckoned at 18 ; but of these there only
remain at the present _time (1905) the Aulad Qubad, the Dastnawand, the
Aulad Salih, the Aulad Murad, the Taliwand and the Khalawand. The
most important by far of these divisions is the Aulad Qubad, who number
some 4,000 souls and furnish a company for the Amrai regiment.
The. Mumdwand inhabit the lands between and to the east of the Itiawand
and Kakawand, extending as far east as the Silakhur valley. Their country
consists of lofty mountains with elevated valleys, well watered by many
streams from which they reap a plentiful harvest of wheat and barley.
The mountain slopes are well-wooded and from these they obtain consider
able quantities of charcoal besides collecting gum-tragacanth, for which
they find a ready sale. In their ydildqs ot winter quarters in the neighbour
hood of the Madian Riid, distant some 55 miles to the south, they aiso grow
a certain amount of opium. Their numbers are estimated at some 3,700 tents
or about 15,000 souls. They are sub-divided into two branches, known as
the K ait id K ur AH and the Mirabegi. The prefix Kaitul signifies in
the Lu’ dialect a servant. Half their tribe enjoys this privilege, namely,
1121. Ik ’ , r