'GAZETTEER OF PERSIA. VOL. III. PART II: L to Z' [‎45r] (94/988)

LUR—LUR
664
as 18,000 to 28,000 men ; while it is also stated on equally good authority
to be 1,500 sowars and 1,500 tufangchis. It may be taken that the first
estimate is excessive, and the more probably correct numbers are 2,000
tents or 10,000 souls.
The Kakawand occupy the mountain ranges flanking the valley of Niha-
vand, while their lands run westward and northwards towards Harsin and
Sehura and southwards with certain interruptions as far as Hulilan, on the
Kara Su river, where they have their qishlaqs. They obtain their livelihood
from culfivation and their considerable flocks. Their number have been
estimated at 2,000 tents or 10,000 souls in all. They are sub-divided
into a number of small divisions, the principal of which are the Tajiwand
or Aulad-i-Taj, 'Ali 'Ali or Aulad-i-’Ali, Ghaib Ghulam or Aulad-i-Ghulam,
Zaid-Bahlramwand, Valadvand, Mikailvand, Faizivand, Jauzivand, Tari-
kehvand and Muradvand, Jirgeh-i-Ahmadvand, Burburvand, Gashurivand,
Mahaki, Pulivand, Muzaffarvand.
The Itldwand are the neighbours of the Kakawand still farther to the
south-east, and inhabit the localities known as Duliskan, Kangavari and
Sarkashti ; the last-named being a spur of - the Safid Kuh. Owing to the
high elevation upon which their habitations are fixed, they enjoy a most
temperate climate, even in midsummer ; as well as all the fruits of such a
climate, and which are, further, of excellent quality. Their lands are also
well-wooded and afford luxuriant pasturage for their flocks. Their qishldq
or winter quarters, near Hulilan, run into what is now reckoned to be within
the jurisdiction of the province of Kirmanshah. The estimated number
of this tribe was 4,000 tents, but of these only some 1,500 remain at the
present day, the remainder having become merged with inhabitants of
Kirmanshah or migrated to Kangavar or Khazal. The Itiawand are sub
divided into numerous branches, formerly reckoned at 18 ; but of these
there only remain at the present time (1905) the Aulad Qubad, the Dastna-
wand, the Aulad Salih, the Aulad Murad, the Taliwand and the Khalawand.
The most important by far of these divisions is the Aulad Qubad, who
number some 4,000 souls and furnish a company for the Amrai
regiment.
The Mnmdwand inhabit the lands between and to the east of the Itiawand
and Kakawand, extending as far east as the Silakhur valley. Their country
consists of lofty mountains with elevated valleys, well watered by many
streams from which they reap a plentiful harvest of wheat and barley.
The mountain slopes are well-wooded and from these they obtain consider
able quantities of charcoal besides collecting gum-tragacanth, for which
they find a ready sale. In their kishldqs or winter quarters in the neighbour
hood of the Madian Rud, distant some 55 miles to the south, they also grow
a certain amount of opium. Their numbers are estimated at some 3,700 tents
or about 15,000 souls. They are sub-divided into two branches, known as
the Kaitul Nur 'Ali and the MirabegT. The prefix Kaitul signifies in the
Lur dialect a servant. Half their tribe enjoys this privilege, namely, that
of being considered servants' of the Khans, which exempts them from
paying taxes other than those presumably drawn by the Khans themselves.