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File 14/1 'Piracies & Irregularities at Sea' [‎88r] (175/610)

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The record is made up of 1 file (301 folios). It was created in 21 May 1907-10 Jan 1914. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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No. 2397 (Confidential), dated Bushire, the 4th (received I2th) September 1910.
From— Lieutenant-Colonel P. Z. Cox, C.S.I., C.I.E,, Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the
With reference to my letter No. 2006, dated the 24th July 1910, on the
subject of a piracy with murder perpetrated on Kuwait “ boom,” I have the
2. It is satisfactory to find that the identity of the pirates has been estab-
With reference to your letter No. 2018, dated the 26th July 1910, I have the
honour to report that in spite of all Shaikh Mubarak’s efforts nothing has yet
been discovered of the perpetrators of the murders and piracy on the Kuwait
“ boom ” belonging to Saleh al Hajri.
2. The Shaikh informed me that the “bellum” originally suspected has been
found to be innocent, as also six other boats from the Shatt-el-Arab, whose Na-
khudas, owing to Shaikh Khazal’s help, Shaikh Mubarak has been able to inter
rogate. Nor has anything been gleaned from enquiries southwards beyond the
fact that the pirate Ahmad bin Salman accompanied by a crew of Bani Hajir
Arabs had started out. This notorious pirate is reported to have made no ex
cursion to the north, and to have recently retreated to some lair near Katif;
it is said he proposes to confine his efforts to the Katif and Katar coasts and the
vicinity of Ojair.
To— Lieutenant-Colonel P. Z. Cox, C.S.I., C.I.E., Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the
With reference to my letter No. 437, dated the 6th August 1910, I have the
honour to report that evidence has been obtained by Shaikh Mubarak which it is
hoped will lead to the early apprehension of the perpetrators of the piracy on the
Kuwait “ boom ” belonging to Saleh al Hajri, and that two of the culprits are
already in the Shaikh’s prison awaiting trial.
2. It appears that the Shaikh’s secret enquiries on the river led to suspicion
being directed to a certain “ bellum ” which frequently trades between the Shatt-
el-Arab and Kuwait. The Nakhuda and most of the crew were known in Kuwait
and a watch was accordingly kept on their movements. One or two of the crew
visited Kuwait some weeks ago apparently to ascertain if the excitement caused
by the piracy had died down and whether enquiries were still being made.
The Shaikh allowed them to leave without taking any immediate steps in the
hope that confidence might bring the Nakhuda or others to Kuwait.
Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ,
To—The Secretary to the Govern:
ment of India in the Foreign Department.
(2) Kuwait Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. No. 519, dated 24 th f r0 m the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Kuwait.
Mmtcf 0
August 1910.
lished and two of their number apprehended, but I fear it is probable that the
unsatisfactory relations existing between the Vali of Basrah and the Shaikhs of
Kuwait and Mohammerah may complicate the task of effecting the apprehension
of the rest. Shaikh Khazal will however be sure to do his best in the interests
of Shaikh Mubarak, and as regards his general obligations it will be apparent
from the enclosed extract from the last Mohammerah Diary that he is endea
vouring to act up t‘ —
Enclosure 1.
No. C. 50 (Confidential), dated Kuwait, the 3rd August 1910.
From— Captain W. H. I. Shakespear, Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Kuwait,
To—The Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Pei Bushire.
Enclosure 2.
No. 519 (Confidential), dated Kuwait, the 24th August 1910.
From—C aptain W. H. I. ShakespeAr, I.A., Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Kuwait,
Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , Bushire.

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Content

The file contains correspondence relating to the investigation and prosecution of nine cases of piracy by the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Kuwait. These cases concern attacks by Arab, Persian and Somali pirates, mainly on Kuwaiti cargo and passenger boats, their passengers and crew, in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. and off the coast of Somalia in East Africa, in breach of maritime regulations and peace treaties between Great Britain and her Protectorates which prohibited piracy. The main correspondents are all British officials: the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Kuwait, the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. at Bushire and the British Vice-Consul at Lingah. The correspondence includes numerous witness statements made orally at the Political Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. in Kuwait and written down in English. The majority of the witnesses are surviving crew members and the owners of the attacked boats, as well as merchants and passengers who lost goods and possessions in the raids at sea. There are several Arabic documents in the file: notes, lists of suspects and stolen goods, receipts and correspondence, including a few letters exchanged between the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Kuwait and the Ruler of Kuwait.

Extent and format
1 file (301 folios)
Arrangement

At the front of the file is a table of contents entitled ‘Index’. It lists each case of piracy according to the nature of the offence and where it took place, together with the folio reference on which the case papers begin. The folio reference given in the table of contents belongs to a superseded foliation sequence, which is written in pencil, but not circled. Each set of case papers appear in the file in chronological order, based on the month and year in which the act of piracy took place and the investigation began. Within each individual case record, the claim papers are arranged in approximate chronological order.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 303; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-300; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.

Written in
English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script
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File 14/1 'Piracies & Irregularities at Sea' [‎88r] (175/610), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/5/51, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100034951622.0x0000b0> [accessed 18 April 2024]

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