'Reconnaissances in Mesopotamia, Kurdistan, North-West Persia, and Luristan from April to October 1888. By Lt F R Maunsell, Intelligence Branch. In Two Volumes. Volume I: narrative report, description of larger towns and routes leading from them. Simla: Intelligence Branch, Quarter Master General's Dept, 1890' [‎105v] (215/312)

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Sindi .—These live in 15 villages in Tiari to the north-west of Amadiyeh.
They are sedentary.
Misuri .—They are a sedentary tribe, roughly divided into two portions,—>
the Geri or lower, and the Jori or upper ; the former being south-east, and
the latter east and north-east of Amadiyeh.
Hartoshi. —This is one of the most powerful of the Kurdish mountain
tribes. They are almost all nomads, 15,000 in number, and having 3,000 tents.
They are semi-independent, and are under Muhammad Agha of Shernakh,
a chieE of considerable influence.
In winter they go to the plains round Mosul, Jazirah, and Shernakh, while
in summer they pasture their flocks in the high mountain ranges between
Bashkala and Jazirah. In Nurduz they live in tents all the summer, and force
their way into some adjacent Christian village during the winter.
Herki .—These are another large nomad tribe, not quite as large as the
Hartoshi, but numbering 10,000 men or 2,000 tents.
In winter they come down to the Tigris plain, and in summer go to
Shamsdin, Nuteha, and Girdi, travelling by way of liezan.
Occasionally they wander over the Persian frontier into Mergavvar and
Tergavvar. They are noted robbers, and have a very bad reputation. There
are some Herki villages in Shamsdin and Nuteha.
Zebari .—These number 1 4 villages dotted about the hills, east of Akra and
in the Zab valley towards Amadia. They are all sedentary.
Nerwi .—This tribe lives in 13‘ villages northward of the Zab valley near
Rezan, and in the Shirwan district eastward towards Rawanduz.
Oramar .—This tribe lives in 22 villages in Shamsdin to the eastward of
the Nerwi country.
There are some living along the frontier and some in Persia itself.
The celebrated Shaikh Oheidulla, who raised a rebellion in 1880, belonged
to this tribe. He lived at Neri, the principal Oramar village.
llekani .—This is a small tribe living in eight villages in the mountains,
east of Amadiyeh and north-west of the Nerwi country.
Pinianixh .—'this tribe live south-east of the dial District in the Nestorian
mountains. They are partly nomad and partly sedentary.
In summer the Kurdish nomads move to the hills by easy stages, pastur
ing their flocks as they go. They ascend as the snows recede, and in two or
three months reach the elevated pasture lands, or “ zozans/ J where they
spend the summer, and where the best grass grows closest to the snowdrifts.