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File 1356/1912 Pt 1 'Turco-Persian Frontier:- negotiations at Constantinople.' [‎250v] (510/885)

The record is made up of 1 volume (436 folios). It was created in 7 Feb 1912-25 Sep 1912. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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14
Chaab, in accordance with the old fashion of
annual investiture.
Major Rawdinson, in commenting on these
claims, observes that to him, ever since the death
of Sheikh Salman (1768), the Chaab appeared to
have been virtually independent of Turkey, and
that the notion of the indefeasibility of their
allegiance to that Power seemed an invention of
late years. When the Chaab had interfered with
the Turkish territory on the Shatt-el-Arab, they
did so either as conquerors or as purchasers of
the freehold right or leasehold tenure. None of
the relations which they thus bore to the Turkish
Government, as occupants of the banks of the
Shatt-el-Arab, appeared to indicate their national
dependency. “ On the contrary” he continues,
in a passage which, desiring to emphasise for
reference, I have caused to be printed in italics,
“ as they have continued almost uninterruptedly to
pay to the Government of Bussorah (i.e., Turkey)
the rent of the lands of Ha far and Tamar above
Mohammerah, which they obtained by a grant from
Suleiman Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. of Bagdad, while they have long
ceased all other payments ” [i.e., for land on the
left (east) bank of the Shatt-el-Arab], “the pre
sumption is that they have considered themselves
liable for these lands only, and that they must have
thus regarded themselves in the light of foreigners
holding Turkish property, either in farm or by right
of occupancy.”
Major Bawlinson considered that the relation
which the Chaab had borne to Turkey since
Sheikh Salman’s death, to times comparatively
modern [i.e., when he wrote in 1844), so far from
being one of protection and dependency, had been
marked by open and almost constant hostility.
That the Chaab were Turkish subjects at the
period of Sultan Murad’s treaty of 1639, which
was still supposed, in its definition of the terri
torial rights of either Power, to he in force in
1844, was a point beyond question; that the
tribe had been virtually independent of Turkey
for a hundred years was equally a matter of
notoriety.
I now pass to the actual town of Moham- Major Rawlinson’s
merah and its immediate vicinity. The Chaab January
bad gradually colonised the left (east) bank of on Mohammerah,
the Shatt-el-Arab as far up as Girdelan; but onl
towards the beginning of the nineteenth century Memorandum on
t oi -i i t -.i i . . Mohammerah (see
the ruling Sheikh gradually withdrew, remaining enclosures in
in occupation of nothing higher up the Shatt-el- CanMng^No 155
of July 18, 1844).

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Content

The volume discusses the disputed Turco-Persian Frontier, particularly at Mohammerah, and the negotiations in Constantinople to attempt to settle it.

The correspondence focuses on:

  • the differences of opinion over the actual boundary at Mohammerah, including several maps demonstrating these differences;
  • movements of Turkish and Russian troops;
  • ownership of the Shat-el-Arab and questions of access for navigation;
  • copies of treaties, correspondence and memoranda dating back to 1639 relating to the question of the Turco-Persian frontier.

The principal correspondents in the volume are the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey); the Secretary of State for India (Robert Offley Ashburton Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe); the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Sir Percy Zachariah Cox); the British Ambassador to Constantinople (Sir Gerard Lowther); the British Ambassador to Russia (Sir George Buchanan); the Viceroy of India (Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst); the British Ambassador to Tehran (Sir George Head Barclay); representatives of the Foreign Office (particularly Alwyn Parker) and the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. ; and Arthur Talbot Wilson, on special duty in relation to the Turco-Persian Frontier.

This volume is part one of two. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.

Extent and format
1 volume (436 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.

The subject 1356 (Turco-Persian Frontier) consists of 2 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/266-267. The volumes are divided into two parts, with each part comprising one volume.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 436; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.

The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.

Written in
English and French in Latin script
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File 1356/1912 Pt 1 'Turco-Persian Frontier:- negotiations at Constantinople.' [‎250v] (510/885), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/10/266, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100036171273.0x00006f> [accessed 28 March 2024]

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