File 2182/1913 Pt 9 'Arabia Policy towards Bin Saud' [‎139r] (275/406)

T
iiad been issued to tbe friendly Shaikhs of tbe Zubair liinterland to attend a
race-meeting, arranged to take place at Basrali, during the first week of
November.
The occasion seemed suitable for discussing with them the affairs of the
nearer desert and its tribes as a preliminary to such operations as the Mission
might be called upon to undertake in the interior, more especially as for some
time past correspondence between Basrah and Baghdad had indicated the
necessity of taking stock of the merits of the various professedly friendly
leaders of the Shammar and Bhafir who had long enjoyed our bounty and
made no adequate return in the direction of action against our common
enemies.
The Chief of the Shaikhs m cjuestion was Saud ibn Salih al Subhan, who,
.some twelve months previously, had deserted Ibn Rashid and come in to us’
being cordially welcomed as an ally and provided with a substantial subsidy of
Rs. 0,01)0 per mensem, together with arms, ammunition and supplies in the
hope that he would prove actively useful in cutting off caravans bound for
iiail and other enemy destinations. For some time it had been whispered
that he was playing us false and it was beyond question that he had so far
done nothing to deserve his subsidy, which wns reduced to Rs. 3,000 n m
shortly before the Mission left Baghdad.
S a lib in order of importance stood Dhari ibn Tawala of
the Aslam Shammar, whose subsidy was Rs. 1,000 p.m. He had rapidly been
displacing Saud in the estimation of those Officers, who had dealings with
the desert, and it had only recently been reported that his g’enerosity towards
his. followers had resulted in his having at his call a far larger and more
reliable following than his rival.
The third of the trio of local Shaikhs was Hamud ibn Suwait of the Dhafir,
who was also in receipt of a Government allowance and to whom was assigned
the task of watching the Basrah-Nasiriyah railway from the desert side and
of preventing egress therefrom by smugglers and access thereto by enemies.
On the 5th November, I accompanied a party organised by Mr. (now Lt.-
Col.) E. B. Howell, C.I.E., Deputy Civil Commissioner, Basrah, to Zubair
where we were entertained by Shaikh Ibrahim and I was introduced to Dhari
ion 1 awala, Hamud ibn Suwait and Muhammad ibn Subhan, the younger
brother of Saud al Salih, who, perhaps conscious of his past shortcomings, had
sent to excuse himself from personal attendance at the races on the score of
illness. With these Shaikhs I had some preliminary conversation on topics
of mutual interest and arranged that they should come in to Basrah for a more
prolonged discussion some day in the near future; at the same time I begged
Muhammad to send a special messenger to his brother to impress upon°him
the advisability of his appearing in person.
On November Tth, Dhari Hamud and Muhammad arrived at Basrah in
company with Shaikh Ibrahim of Zubair and I had prolonged interviews with
each of them in turn except Muhammad, whom I informed that I would
reserve all discussion of his brother’s affairs until he appeared in person. As
a matter of fact Saud al Salih never appeared.
Shaikh Ibrahim was most useful to me in discussing confidentially the
merits of the various personalities I had to deal with. He was enthusiastic
as regards Dhari and the prospects of his being usefully employed to further
the interests of the British Government ; he was no less adverse to Saud al
Salih, whom he described as an imposter with no desire to serve anyone
honestly but himself, while as regards Hamud he maintained an attitude of
indifference, the present head of the Dhafir being personally insignificant and
an indifferent successor to a line of Chiefs, who had made the name of Ibn
Suwait respected and feared in the past.
After full and free discussion with Ibrahim, Dhari and Hamud and in
consultation with Mr. Howell, I came to the following conclusions, namely: —
(1) that Saud al Salih was unlikely to be of any practical service to us
and that the allowance, which we were wasting on him, should be discontinued
or reduced to a small personal allowance payable on the condition of his
residence at some place in the sphere of our effective control;
(2) that the Dhafir, being fixed by immemorial tradition to the desert
tract now traversed by the railway, Hamud ibn Suwait and his tribesmen
would be most profitably employed in their home range and could not with
advantage be brought into any operations in the interior; and
(3) that Dhari, of whom on my short acquaintance with him I had
formed a high opinion, might profitably be employed in connection with the
activities of the Najd Mission.
I accordingly telegraphed on November 8th, in the sense of the above
conclusion proposing: —
(1) that Sand’s allowance should be reduced to Rs. 500 per mensem, the
arms formerly given to him be withdrawn and he himself directed to reside at
Zubair, Basrah or Muhammara ;