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Coll 5/31 ‘Air Route to India: Prohibition of private flights along the Arabian Coast of the Persian Gulf’ [‎409v] (818/1247)

The record is made up of 1 file (622 folios). It was created in 14 Jun 1933-3 Dec 1948. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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vt on o*ia rioij
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22
without prejudice to the right of the person subject to this Order
to obtain contribution from his co-defendants under the joint
liability.
(3) Where in a suit a person to whom this Order does not apply
is co-plaintiff with a person subject to this Order, who is in Kuwait,
it shall not be necessary for the person to whom this Order does not
apply to give security under this Article as regards fees and costs,
unless the Court so directs, but the co-plaintiff person subject
this Order shall be responsible for all fees and costs.
54.—-(1) Every agreement for reference to arbitration between
a person to whom this Order applies on the one hand, and a person
not subject to the said Order on the other hand, may, on the applica
tion of any party, be filed for execution in the Office of the Court.
(2) The Court shall thereupon have authority to enforce the
agreement, and the award made thereunder, and to control and
regulate the proceedings before and after the award in such manner
and on such terms as the Court may think fit, in concert with the
Shaikh or his representative.
(c) General.
(1) ^ here it is proved that the attendance of a person to
whom this Order applies, to give evidence, or for any other purpose
connected with the administration of justice, is required before a
Kuwait .tribunal, a Court established under this Order may, if it
thinks fit, in a case and in circumstances in which the Court would
require the attendance of that person before the Court, order that
he do attend as required. The order may be made subject to such
conditions as the Court thinks fit.
(2) If the person so ordered to attend, having reasonable notice of
the time and place at which he is required to attend, fails to attend
accordingly, and does not excuse his failure to the satisfaction of the
Court, he shall, independently of any other liability, be liable to be
pumshed with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two
months, or with a fine which may extend to 1,000 rupees Indian silver coin also widely used in the Persian Gulf. , or with
both.
56. When a person to whom this Order applies invokes or sub
mits to the jurisdiction of a Kuwait Tribunal, and engages in
writing to abide by the decision of that Tribunal, or to pay any fees
or expenses ordered by that Tribunal to be paid by him, the Court
may, on such evidence as it thinks fit to require, enforce payment
of such fees and expenses in the same manner as if they were fees
payable in a proceeding in the Court, and shall pay over and account
for the same, when levied, to the proper Kuwait authority, as the
Court may direct. The Court may also enforce compliance with
any judgment given by such Tribunal against such person in the
same manner as it may enforce compliance with a ludo'ment siven
by the Court. °

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Content

The file contains correspondence and notes on the subject of private (or chartered) flights through the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. states in special treaty relations with the British Government, these states being: Bahrain, Kuwait (also spelt Koweit), Muscat (Oman), and Sharjah. Prior to 1946, the correspondence is concerned with the British policy of maintaining a strict prohibition on flights by private aviators and on chartered flights by airlines. From 1946 onwards, the correspondence is more concerned with facilitating private and chartered flights through the aforementioned states; British restrictions on private aviation had to be lifted once Britain became a signatory of the Chicago Convention (1944).

Specific measures covered in the file include: British efforts to convince the rulers of Bahrain, Kuwait, and Muscat, to delegate to them the authority to refuse private aviators access to these territories; a subsequent effort to obtain, from the Shaikh of Bahrain, permission to grant access to Bahrain to private flights; and measures taken to notify aviators of the restrictions in place (prior to 1946) on private flights through the Arabian Coast Route.

Another topic covered in the file is the introduction of sanctions for breaches of the Air Navigation Regulations for Bahrain, Kuwait, and Muscat. The sanctions were specifically aimed at deterring private aviators from using the Arabian Coast Air Route without prior authorisation. The file therefore includes copies of draft notices of the introduction of King's Regulations in 1936 under the Kuwait Order in Council A regulation issued by the sovereign of the United Kingdom on the advice of the Privy Council. (folio 374, final edition on folio 364), the Bahrain Order in Council A regulation issued by the sovereign of the United Kingdom on the advice of the Privy Council. (folio 375), and the Muscat Order in Council A regulation issued by the sovereign of the United Kingdom on the advice of the Privy Council. (folio 376). It also includes a draft notification of regulations to be introduced by the Sultan of Muscat and Oman (folio 373).

Copies of a number of orders in council A regulation issued by the sovereign of the United Kingdom on the advice of the Privy Council. have been included in the file:

The details of a number of flights, or proposed flights, made by private aviators are recorded within the file, either as a result of an unauthorised landing or a proposal to fly through Arabia. This includes the following: the landing of Maurice Wilson at Bahrain in 1933, the landing of Mr de Montaigu at Bahrain in 1934, the landing of Francis William Rickett at Sharjah in 1937, a proposed round the world flight by Amelia Earhart in 1937, and a proposed circular flight round the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. by Hassan Anis Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. in 1938. From 1946 references to private flights become much more common, and the details supplied much more brief. However, basic itineraries of proposed flights (including details such as dates, times, and stopping points) can still be found within the file.

The French language content of the file consists of a small amount of correspondence received from the French Embassy in London, and a single letter from the Belgian Embassy, also in London.

The main correspondents in the file are as follows: the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain, the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Kuwait, and the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. and Consul at Muscat. There is also correspondence with officials of the following departments: the Air Ministry, the Foreign Office, the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. (the Commonwealth Relations Office from August 1947), the Foreign and Political Department of the Government of India (External Affairs Department from 1937), and the Ministry of Civil Aviation. It also includes correspondence with British representatives from around the world, a few letters from various oil companies, and diplomatic representations from Belgium, France, the Netherlands, and the United States.

There is no correspondence in the file for the years 1939-45.

The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.

Extent and format
1 file (622 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 623; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.

A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.

Written in
English and French in Latin script
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Coll 5/31 ‘Air Route to India: Prohibition of private flights along the Arabian Coast of the Persian Gulf’ [‎409v] (818/1247), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/12/1981, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100037267988.0x000013> [accessed 16 April 2024]

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