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Coll 5/31 ‘Air Route to India: Prohibition of private flights along the Arabian Coast of the Persian Gulf’ [‎421r] (841/1247)

The record is made up of 1 file (622 folios). It was created in 14 Jun 1933-3 Dec 1948. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

Transcription

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to a penalty in accordance with the stipulations of the Treaty, or the provisions
this Order.
32. The Foreign Jurisdiction Neutrality Order in Council A regulation issued by the sovereign of the United Kingdom on the advice of the Privy Council. , 1904, shall apply
to all persons and to all property subject to this Order.
33. Where a person entitled to appeal to the Chief Court from any
judgment or order passed in the exercise of criminal jurisdiction under this
Order desires so to appeal, he shall present his petition of appeal to the
Court which passed the judgment or order; and the petition shall with all
practicable speed be transmitted to the Chief Court with certified copies of the
charge (if any) and proceedings of all documentary evidence admitted or tendered,
of the depositions, of the notes of the oral testimony, and of the judgment or
order, and any argument on the petition of appeal that the appellant desires
to submit to the Chief Court.
34. The Court against whose judgment or order the appeal is preferred
may postpone the execution of the sentence pending the appeal, and shall, if
necessary, commit the person convicted to prison for safe custody, or detain
him in prison for safe custody, or shall admit him to bail, and may take
seem by, by recognizance, deposit of money, or otherwise, for his payment
of any fine.
35.-( 1 ) Subject to the other provisions of this Order, the Code of Civil
Procedure and the other Indian enactments, relating to the administration of
Civil justice and to insolvency and bankruptcy, shall have effect as if Bahrein
were a district in the Presidency The name given to each of the three divisions of the territory of the East India Company, and later the British Raj, on the Indian subcontinent. of Bombay. The Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. shall be
deemed to be the District Judge, and his Court shall be deemed to be the
District or Principal Civil Court of Original Jurisdiction in the District; the
Judicial Assistant to the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. shall be deemed to be an Additional
District Judge, and his Court shall be an Additional District Court of Original
Civil Jurisdiction, the Court of the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. shall be deemed to be the
highest Civil Court of Appeal for the District, and the Court authorized to hear
appeals from the decisions of the District Court; and the powers, both of the
Covernor-General in Council and the Local Government, under those enactments
shall be exercisable by the Secretary of State, or, with his previous or subsequent
assent, by the Governor-General of India in Council.
( 2 ) Any jurisdiction exercisable by the Chief Court under this Order in
civil matters may be exercised by the Judge of that Court, either within the
limits of this Order or elsewhere.
# ^ ^ en a su ^ between persons to whom this Order applies is filed in the
Political Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. , the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. shall enquire from the several parties
whether they desire that proceedings shall be instituted in accordance with
the Code of Civil Procedure and the Indian enactments made applicable to
Bahrein, or in accordance with local usage, and shall record their replies.
Part IY.— Civil.
a 7
O. C. 1786*.

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Content

The file contains correspondence and notes on the subject of private (or chartered) flights through the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. states in special treaty relations with the British Government, these states being: Bahrain, Kuwait (also spelt Koweit), Muscat (Oman), and Sharjah. Prior to 1946, the correspondence is concerned with the British policy of maintaining a strict prohibition on flights by private aviators and on chartered flights by airlines. From 1946 onwards, the correspondence is more concerned with facilitating private and chartered flights through the aforementioned states; British restrictions on private aviation had to be lifted once Britain became a signatory of the Chicago Convention (1944).

Specific measures covered in the file include: British efforts to convince the rulers of Bahrain, Kuwait, and Muscat, to delegate to them the authority to refuse private aviators access to these territories; a subsequent effort to obtain, from the Shaikh of Bahrain, permission to grant access to Bahrain to private flights; and measures taken to notify aviators of the restrictions in place (prior to 1946) on private flights through the Arabian Coast Route.

Another topic covered in the file is the introduction of sanctions for breaches of the Air Navigation Regulations for Bahrain, Kuwait, and Muscat. The sanctions were specifically aimed at deterring private aviators from using the Arabian Coast Air Route without prior authorisation. The file therefore includes copies of draft notices of the introduction of King's Regulations in 1936 under the Kuwait Order in Council A regulation issued by the sovereign of the United Kingdom on the advice of the Privy Council. (folio 374, final edition on folio 364), the Bahrain Order in Council A regulation issued by the sovereign of the United Kingdom on the advice of the Privy Council. (folio 375), and the Muscat Order in Council A regulation issued by the sovereign of the United Kingdom on the advice of the Privy Council. (folio 376). It also includes a draft notification of regulations to be introduced by the Sultan of Muscat and Oman (folio 373).

Copies of a number of orders in council A regulation issued by the sovereign of the United Kingdom on the advice of the Privy Council. have been included in the file:

The details of a number of flights, or proposed flights, made by private aviators are recorded within the file, either as a result of an unauthorised landing or a proposal to fly through Arabia. This includes the following: the landing of Maurice Wilson at Bahrain in 1933, the landing of Mr de Montaigu at Bahrain in 1934, the landing of Francis William Rickett at Sharjah in 1937, a proposed round the world flight by Amelia Earhart in 1937, and a proposed circular flight round the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. by Hassan Anis Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. in 1938. From 1946 references to private flights become much more common, and the details supplied much more brief. However, basic itineraries of proposed flights (including details such as dates, times, and stopping points) can still be found within the file.

The French language content of the file consists of a small amount of correspondence received from the French Embassy in London, and a single letter from the Belgian Embassy, also in London.

The main correspondents in the file are as follows: the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain, the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Kuwait, and the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. and Consul at Muscat. There is also correspondence with officials of the following departments: the Air Ministry, the Foreign Office, the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. (the Commonwealth Relations Office from August 1947), the Foreign and Political Department of the Government of India (External Affairs Department from 1937), and the Ministry of Civil Aviation. It also includes correspondence with British representatives from around the world, a few letters from various oil companies, and diplomatic representations from Belgium, France, the Netherlands, and the United States.

There is no correspondence in the file for the years 1939-45.

The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.

Extent and format
1 file (622 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 623; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.

A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.

Written in
English and French in Latin script
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Coll 5/31 ‘Air Route to India: Prohibition of private flights along the Arabian Coast of the Persian Gulf’ [‎421r] (841/1247), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/12/1981, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100037267988.0x00002a> [accessed 28 March 2024]

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