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Coll 5/31 ‘Air Route to India: Prohibition of private flights along the Arabian Coast of the Persian Gulf’ [‎448r] (895/1247)

The record is made up of 1 file (622 folios). It was created in 14 Jun 1933-3 Dec 1948. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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3
(ii) The aircraft shall be certified as airworthy in the prescribed manner, and any
lerms or conditions on or subject to which the certificate of airworthiness was granted
shall be duly complied with.
(iii) The personnel of the aircraft shall be of the prescribed number and
A inscription and shall be provided with the prescribed certificates of competency
and licences.
(iv) There shall be carried in the aircraft the prescribed documents and journey
log book kept up to date in the prescribed form and manner. In addition, if the
aircraft carries passengers, there shall be carried a list of their names and, if it carries
freight, bills of lading and manifest in respect thereof.
(v) In this regulation “prescribed” means prescribed by the law of the State on
whose register the aircraft is entered.
4. The aircraft shall not use as a place of landing or departure any place in
Muscat and Oman other than an aerodrome approved for the purpose by His Highness
the Sultan. The published conditions governing the use of the aerodromes shall be
observed.
5. The aircraft and the persons on board shall conform to such orders as may be
lawfully given by any authorised person.
6. Personnel of the aircraft required to be provided with licences shall on demand
produce their licences for the inspection of any authorised person.
The person in charge of the aircraft shall on demand by an authorised person
produce any prescribed certificate, licence or log book relating to the aircraft and, if
it carries passengers or freight, the list of names and the bills of lading and manifest
respectively.
7. Any authorised person shall have the right of access at all reasonable times
to any aircraft for the purpose of carrying out his powers and duties under these
regulations.
8. The aircraft shall comply with the rules as to lights and signals and rules for
air traffic prescribed in Annex D of the Convention for the Regulation of Aerial
Navigation, dated loth October 1919.
9. The aircraft shall comply in customs matters with the provisions of Annex H
of the aforesaid Convention.
10. The aircraft and the persons on board shall immediately on arrival from
abroad and prior to departure for abroad submit to the sanitary formalities prescribed
by the Public Health Administration.
11. The time of the intended arrival from abroad at, and of departure for abroad
from, aerodromes in the territories of Muscat and Oman shall be notified beforehand
to the Customs, Public Health and Police Administrations.
12. Persons on board aircraft shall be in possession of valid national passports to
be produced on demand to any authorised person. Through passengers not breaking
journey will not require transit visas. Passengers breaking journey or leaving the
aerodrome will need visas for the State.
13. Subject to the provisions of these regulations, the laws and regulations for the
time being in force in the territories of Muscat and Oman concerning the entry into
and departure from these territories of persons by sea and land and concerning the
importation into and the exportation from these territories of goods by sea or land
shall apply equally and respectively to the entry and departure of persons, and the
importation and exportation of goods, by air.
14. —(i) If an aircraft flies in contravention of or fails to comply with these
regulations or any provision thereof or if in or in respect of the aircraft any act is
committed which is or is deemed to be a contravention of these regulations or anv
provision thereof, the pilot of the aircraft shall be deemed to have contravened these
regulations.
(ii) If any person obstructs or impedes any authorised person in the exercise of
his powers and duties under these regulations, such first-mentioned person shall be
deemed to have acted in contravention of these regulations.

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Content

The file contains correspondence and notes on the subject of private (or chartered) flights through the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. states in special treaty relations with the British Government, these states being: Bahrain, Kuwait (also spelt Koweit), Muscat (Oman), and Sharjah. Prior to 1946, the correspondence is concerned with the British policy of maintaining a strict prohibition on flights by private aviators and on chartered flights by airlines. From 1946 onwards, the correspondence is more concerned with facilitating private and chartered flights through the aforementioned states; British restrictions on private aviation had to be lifted once Britain became a signatory of the Chicago Convention (1944).

Specific measures covered in the file include: British efforts to convince the rulers of Bahrain, Kuwait, and Muscat, to delegate to them the authority to refuse private aviators access to these territories; a subsequent effort to obtain, from the Shaikh of Bahrain, permission to grant access to Bahrain to private flights; and measures taken to notify aviators of the restrictions in place (prior to 1946) on private flights through the Arabian Coast Route.

Another topic covered in the file is the introduction of sanctions for breaches of the Air Navigation Regulations for Bahrain, Kuwait, and Muscat. The sanctions were specifically aimed at deterring private aviators from using the Arabian Coast Air Route without prior authorisation. The file therefore includes copies of draft notices of the introduction of King's Regulations in 1936 under the Kuwait Order in Council A regulation issued by the sovereign of the United Kingdom on the advice of the Privy Council. (folio 374, final edition on folio 364), the Bahrain Order in Council A regulation issued by the sovereign of the United Kingdom on the advice of the Privy Council. (folio 375), and the Muscat Order in Council A regulation issued by the sovereign of the United Kingdom on the advice of the Privy Council. (folio 376). It also includes a draft notification of regulations to be introduced by the Sultan of Muscat and Oman (folio 373).

Copies of a number of orders in council A regulation issued by the sovereign of the United Kingdom on the advice of the Privy Council. have been included in the file:

The details of a number of flights, or proposed flights, made by private aviators are recorded within the file, either as a result of an unauthorised landing or a proposal to fly through Arabia. This includes the following: the landing of Maurice Wilson at Bahrain in 1933, the landing of Mr de Montaigu at Bahrain in 1934, the landing of Francis William Rickett at Sharjah in 1937, a proposed round the world flight by Amelia Earhart in 1937, and a proposed circular flight round the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. by Hassan Anis Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. in 1938. From 1946 references to private flights become much more common, and the details supplied much more brief. However, basic itineraries of proposed flights (including details such as dates, times, and stopping points) can still be found within the file.

The French language content of the file consists of a small amount of correspondence received from the French Embassy in London, and a single letter from the Belgian Embassy, also in London.

The main correspondents in the file are as follows: the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain, the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Kuwait, and the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. and Consul at Muscat. There is also correspondence with officials of the following departments: the Air Ministry, the Foreign Office, the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. (the Commonwealth Relations Office from August 1947), the Foreign and Political Department of the Government of India (External Affairs Department from 1937), and the Ministry of Civil Aviation. It also includes correspondence with British representatives from around the world, a few letters from various oil companies, and diplomatic representations from Belgium, France, the Netherlands, and the United States.

There is no correspondence in the file for the years 1939-45.

The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.

Extent and format
1 file (622 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 623; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.

A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.

Written in
English and French in Latin script
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Coll 5/31 ‘Air Route to India: Prohibition of private flights along the Arabian Coast of the Persian Gulf’ [‎448r] (895/1247), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/12/1981, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100037267988.0x000060> [accessed 29 March 2024]

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