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PZ 4718/1934 ‘Historical Memorandum on Bahrein.’ [‎10r] (19/48)

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The record is made up of 1 file (24 folios). It was created in 14 Jul 1934. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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16
17
^ ta iS20 D lr a ttri 1Clnded • vith { } C ® rtain trea ties, namely,one
n 1820 for the suppiession of piracy and one in 1847 for
the prohibition of the exportation of slaves, and that Her
ajesty s Government must object to any arrangement which
would transfer Bahrein to the dominion or protectorship ot
any other rower. ^
62 In the correspondence leading up to this decision
Lord Palmerston remarked: “ I come to the conclusion that
it is the opinion of the East India Company that the object
first to be aimed at is to prevent Bahrein from falling under
the control of any foreign Power, and to keep that island in
its present condition of political independence. But 1 infer
from what has been stated in the despatches which you
have communicated to me, that if that independence could
no longer be maintained, and if the ruler and the people of
Bahrein were determined to place themselves under some
foreign protection, the East India Company would think
that less evil would arise from affording to Bahrein British
protection than from allowing French, Persian or Turkish
authority to be established in that island.”
Attitude of the Wahabis and of Muscat, 1852-53.
63. In 1852 the Sheikh proposed to withhold his tribute
from the Wahabi Amir, but on the advice of the Resident
decided to pay it. In the same year the Consul at Zanzibar
w T as instructed to inform the Imam of Muscat that Her
Majesty’s Government saw no reason' to alter the views
regarding the possession of Bahrein communicated to His
Highness in 1849 (paragraph 58 above). In May 1853 the
Government of India authorised the Government of Bombay From c. 1668-1858, the East India Company’s administration in the city of Bombay [Mumbai] and western India. From 1858-1947, a subdivision of the British Raj. It was responsible for British relations with the Gulf and Red Sea regions.
to offer every obstacle to an attack on Bahrein by the Wahabi
Amir (who was now nominally subject to the Turkish
Government) on the ground that Her Majesty’s Government
would not permit the occupation of Bahrein by the Turkish
Government or by anyone acting for them or in their interest.
Principle of Non-interference in Internal Affairs laid down
by Bombay Government (1854).
64. On 20th November 1854 the Government of Bombay From c. 1668-1858, the East India Company’s administration in the city of Bombay [Mumbai] and western India. From 1858-1947, a subdivision of the British Raj. It was responsible for British relations with the Gulf and Red Sea regions.
in a letter to the Resident laid down the principle of non
interference in the internal affairs of Bahrein, and authorised
the Resident simultaneously to inform the Sheikh of Qatif
on the Arab mainland that the British Government would
not tolerate his further interference with the affairs of
Bahrein.
Slavery Agreement with Her Majesty’s Government (1856).
65. On the 10th May 1856 an agreement supplementary
to the Treaty of 1847 (paragraph 51 above) regarding the
slave trade was made with the Sheikh. Its contents were
identical with that of corresponding engagements entered
into at the same time by the Arab rulers of the Trucial Coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. .
66. The Sheikh’s internal government continued to go
from bad to worse. In September 1858 reparation was
secured from him for the ill-treatment of British subjects m
Bahrein In 1859 a Wahabi attack was averted by British
intervention. The local Wahabi Governor sued for pardon
to the Senior Naval Officer ; the Wahabi ruler, however,
made a formal protest, asserted his authority over Bahrein,
and declared that he was himself a vassal of the Sultan o±
Turkey The Resident, in reply, informed him ot tne
determination of Her Majesty’s Government to preserve the
independence of Bahrein, and pointed out the inconsistency
of his piratical attacks on Turkish shipping with his
professions of dependence on the Ottoman Governmen .
Sheikh’s Appeal to Persia and Turkey, 1859-61.
67. At the end of 1859 or early in 1860 as the result
apparently, partly of apprehensions of the Vi ahabis <
2953 E
India Bd.
to F.O.,
7.2.1851.
Lor. I, 885.
F.O. to Sir
S. Canning,
Constanti
nople, No.40,
12.2.1851.
Lor. I, 885.
Lor. I, 887.
Aitchison,
Yol. XI,
No. ix, 234.
Lor. I, 887.
Lor. I, 888.

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Content

The file consists of an India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Historical Memorandum on Bahrein [Bahrain] by John Gilbert Laithwaite, dated 14 July 1924. The memorandum is primarily concerned with the history of Bahrein from the point of view of the political status of the islands, and in particular with the claims to sovereignty over them put forward by Persia [Iran] since 1783, and with the correspondence and discussions which have taken place in connection with such claims.

Extent and format
1 file (24 folios)
Arrangement

The memorandum is arranged into titled sections of text, and it includes an index page at the start, which outlines the main sections and the corresponding paragraph and page numbers.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 24; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.

Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.

Written in
English in Latin script
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PZ 4718/1934 ‘Historical Memorandum on Bahrein.’ [‎10r] (19/48), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/12/114, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100040740719.0x000014> [accessed 29 March 2024]

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