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Coll 28/21 ‘Persia; Azerbaijan; Persia-Russian & Persia-Turkish Frontier.’ [‎255r] (509/845)

The record is made up of 1 file (421 folios). It was created in 21 Jul 1930-3 May 1946. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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S iJ* G H ^ T
i<0. 17
\
British Consulate-General*
Tabriz.
November 2Crd., 1945.
< r.“—
1SS]
Sir,
jy I have the honour to inform you, with reference to my Despatch
No. 16 , that I visited Mlaneh yesterday, November 2Tnd. I invited
my Amerlcair"c lleague to go with me, but he was unable to do so for
two reesohsi one, that it aas Thanksgiving Day; the other, that he
thought the regulations of his service would not permit him. Vhen
I suggested that Mianeh was probably in his Consular District, as it
is in mine, the idea seemed to strike him as novel, but too dii'ficult
for immediate assimilation.
2. I left Tabriz at 7.30 in the morning in the car of this
Consulate-General, accompanied by my chauffeur and my interpreter.
Snow had fallen during the night and there was a thick mist on all
the hills from Tabriz until beyond the Shibli Pass. 20 miles away.
For the first tixty miles, as far as Ciah (or Gara) Chaman, the
deeply rutted snow and ico on the gradients made travelling very
slow. Beyond Turkman Chai, however, conditions improved and I was
able to make the journey to Mianeh (l20 miles) in 5-^ hours.
3. No gendarme posts re -ain anywhere on the road between Tabriz
and Mianeh. Pickets of armed Democrats were posted at Bustanabad,
Goja Giyaz, at a little pass the name of which I do not know, at
Gara Cha*an, Aliabad and Turkman Chai. They were stopping all
vehicles and searching for arms. They allowed me to pass without
delay when I said who I was - on one occasion I showed lay Russian
permit, which was immediately respected - and none of the men offered
the slightest discourtesy. According to .g/- driver and interpreter
most of them were Muhajirs (recent immigr nts from the Soviet
Republic of Azerbaijan). I spoke to them in Russian and only once,
during both journeys, faileu uo get a response-in tuat language. A
few seemed to mo to be local peasants, and one or two looked like
young townsmen of the better sort, out the majority certainly looked
like Muhajirs, and some had a distinctly military bearing. The
biggest picket was at Turkman Chai: between sixty and sevexity men,
wearing oddments of Persian army uniforms which were being
distributed from t vo lorries as I passed. I saw' no arms other than
rifles.
4. There is now no Russian check post at the entrance to Mianeh.
There is no Democrat picket there either. I drove to the centre of
the town, noticing a good number of Persian soldiers, without their
arms and some in only hall uniform. The shops were open and the
appearance of the single street was very much as usual. An armed
Persian policeman was on guard outside the Police station, but a
few yards from him a democrat armed .vith a rifle was also! on guard.
Traffic from Tenran was coming through the town normally. I had
passed six or seven buses, about a dozen A.I.O.J. lorries and
twenty or thirty private lorries on my way down. But all cars were
bein^ stopped and passengers interrogated and sometimes searched by
the pickets, and private lorries were liable to re.raiaitioning.
/5.
Dir A. <*. Bullard, K. C.B. ,£• C.M.G. , C.I.B. ,
H.M. Ambassador,
TEHRAN

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Content

Papers concerning affairs on the northeast frontiers of Persia [Iran], with a focus on Iranian Azerbaijan, sent to and from British Government officials based in Persia, including those at the British Consulate at Tabriz and the British Embassy in Tehran, and the Foreign Office in London.

The correspondence covers the following:

  • Throughout the period June 1930 to July 1931 (ff 379-421), the situation on the Perso-Russian and Perso-Turkish borders, and relations in the region between Persia and Russia. These papers predominantly comprise reports from the British Consul at Tabriz (Clarence Edward Stanhope Palmer).
  • During October and November 1932, calls to boycott the elections to the new Persian majlis by an organisation describing itself as the Nationalist Organisation of Azerbaijan (ff 368-378). Papers include a translation of a manifesto issued by the organisation (ff 369-370).
  • In 1935, reports responding to rumours of civil unrest in Tabriz (ff 357-363).
  • In 1938, deteriorating relations between Iran and Russia, partly in response to Russia’s unease at an increase in trade between Germany and Iran (ff 337-352).
  • The political crisis brought about by the declaration of the Azerbaijan People’s Government in November 1945, and the ensuing Iran-Azerbaijan Crisis, which arose from Soviet Russia’s refusal to relinquish Iranian territory originally occupied by Russia during the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran in 1941 (ff 4-336). Papers include a declaration (in French) made by the National Congress of Iranian Azerbaijan (ff 259-260), and the translated texts of programmes and laws announced by the Azerbaijan National Government (ff 207-209, f 92, ff 77-79, ff 61-63).
Extent and format
1 file (421 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 422; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.

A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.

Written in
English and French in Latin script
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Coll 28/21 ‘Persia; Azerbaijan; Persia-Russian & Persia-Turkish Frontier.’ [‎255r] (509/845), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/12/3417, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100042237689.0x000070> [accessed 29 March 2024]

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