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Coll 5/20 ‘Air Route to India – Arab Coast Secn: Negotiations with Trucial Sheikhs’ [517r] (1044/1290)
The record is made up of 1 file (636 folios). It was created in 17 Feb 1932-6 May 1940. It was written in English, Arabic and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
■6
Air NaTigation Convention could hardly so far ignore the dictates of
common humanity and international courtesy as to arrest the crew or
confiscate an aircraft lending in distress on her territory u It
Ig further contended that Persia could easily maintain that Imperial
Airways were relying on her territorial waters and that ? therefore ?
in law and practice the case of the aeroplane and that of the flying-
boat landing through force majeure within Persian territory or
territorial waters would he Identical*
19, (b) Trucial Coasts
In the case of Inod.pla.nos ; any emergency landing on the
Trucial Coast
A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates.
would probably hare to be made among wild and
hostile tribes, whereas in the case of flying boats emergency
landings could be made either within reach of shipping or, at any
rate, sufficiently far from the shore not to be exposed to the
hostility of the natives* Were an emergency landing to he made
among a hostile tribe and a disaster to result, the despatch of
a rescue or punitive expedition might be necessitated and involve
expenditure on a far larger scale than anything contemplated in
connection with the actual institution and operation of the service.
The Air Ministry counter~argiment here is that the risks
of a voluntary landing fall into two categories :~
(a) These due to engine and mechanical failure,
(b) Those due to adverse weather conditions.
In regard to (a), the Air Ministry are of opinion that
this is lessened by using 4 -engined landplanes in place of 3-
engined seaplanes* The former should, in emergency, have sufficient
reserve power to return to their starting point or land at some safe
emergency landing ground such as Yas Island cr on the coast -within
some friendly sheikhdom such as Sharjah* The contingency that a
lending might be made amongst hostile tribes is ever present as a ^
remote contingency in any air route and is not excluded by the use ox
seaplanes. As a matter of fact Imperial Airways have experienced
between Basra and Karachi with their landplanes no forced landing
through engine or mechanical failure during the past two years.
In regard to (b) if adverse weather is encountered, it is
contended that botn the seaplane and the landplane should be able to
return to their respective starting points. bnder che former
proposal the seaplanes were to have a refuelling stop at Ras-al-nnaim
on the
Trucial coast
A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates.
, whilst under the new proposal the lang?lanes
would make their night halt at Sharjah in comparatively frien p
territory. Should adverse weather enforce a postponement
departure from these places, the landplane would in the opinion
of the Air Ministry be secure at Sharjah, but the seaplane^has
perforce to remain in territory belonging to a sheika who is^neither
friendly nor willing to offer protection to the crew from neighbouring
tribesmen. The risk, therefore, go which the Foreign Office dra,
attention, albeit remote, appears to be increased by u ^ e ^
seaplanes whilst x»efuelling at Ras-a 1 -Khaiman., since delays of
hours have been experienced there by Service aircrafc due to sand
storms and strong shamal and also to advex se weather reports irom e
next stopping place.
20 ( G )
Difficulties connected with the possible operation of t^e
Arabian houte by foreign air services.
When the question c
f the Arabian Air Route was considered
in the summer of 1951, it was agreed that if the proposed service
were operated by flying boats, the danger of the Frencn and Dutch
About this item
- Content
The file is largely made up of correspondence, with occasional internal India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. notes, and records of inter-departmental meetings. The subject matter is the establishment of an aerodrome on the Trucial Coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. to facilitate the transfer of Imperial Airways' Europe-India route from Southern Persia to the Arabian Coast. There is some material related to the selection of a suitable site. However, much of the file is concerned with negotiations with Shaikh Sultan bin Saqar, Ruler of Sharjah; Sharjah was selected by British officials as the most promising site for a landing ground. The file therefore contains a number of reports on the political situation at Sharjah, the progress of negotiations, and discussion over terms and conditions. A copy of the final agreement can be found on folios 225-228.
The agreement with the Shaikh of Sharjah provided for the construction of a rest house to be owned by the Shaikh but rented by Imperial Airways. The file therefore includes discussion relating to arrangements for the financing and construction of the rest house. There is also a detailed consideration of the measures needed to ensure its security, and measures to be taken by British forces in the event of an attack on the facility: see folios 18-27 for a copy of the Sharjah Defence Scheme .
The file also contains discussion between British officials over their response to the following two proposals submitted by the Government of the Netherlands: a proposal for Anglo-Dutch-French co-operative partnership in approaching civil aviation matters linking Europe and the Far East, with a particular view to negotiations with Persia; and a request for access to the Arab Coast air route.
In addition to the immediate response to the Netherlands Government, the file includes discussion related to how British policy over the Trucial Coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. should develop in response to developments in civil aviation.
Also contained within the file are a number of papers circulated by the Committee of Imperial Defence's Standing Official Sub-committee for Questions Concerning the Middle East. These papers relate to a proposal from Imperial Airways to use landplanes along the Arabian Coast route instead of flying boats; the file contains extensive technical comparisons between the ‘Hannibal’ four engine landplane (the Handley Page H.P.42) and three engine ‘Calcutta’ flying boat (the Short S.8).
There is a limited amount of discussion, towards to front of the correspondence, over the state of British negotiations with Persia. However, this is not the focus of the file.
A couple of letters from the Government of the Netherlands are in French (see folios 296-301) and the final agreement with the Shaikh of Sharjah (folios 225-228) is in both English and Arabic. The vast majority of the file is in English.
The main correspondents are as follows: the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Hugh Vincent Biscoe, and later Trenchard Craven William Fowle), the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Kuwait (Harold Richard Patrick Dickson), and the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. . It also includes correspondence with officials of the following governmental departments: the Admiralty, the Air Ministry, the Foreign Office, the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. , and the Foreign and Political Department of the Government of India.
Most of the material in the file covers the period 1932 to 1935. Only a single letter, dated 31 March 1940, falls outside this range.
The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.
- Extent and format
- 1 file (636 folios)
- Arrangement
The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 637; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the two leading and ending flyleaves.
- Written in
- English, Arabic and French in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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Coll 5/20 ‘Air Route to India – Arab Coast Secn: Negotiations with Trucial Sheikhs’ [517r] (1044/1290), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/12/1966, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100044823453.0x00002d> [accessed 18 April 2024]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/12/1966
- Title
- Coll 5/20 ‘Air Route to India – Arab Coast Secn: Negotiations with Trucial Sheikhs’
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, i-r:ii-v, 1r:44v, 48r:58v, 64r:68v, 72r:89v, 91r:224v, 229r:295v, 302r:306r, 307r:319v, 321r:359v, 360v:495v, 497r:574v, 577r:597v, 602r:620v, 622r:625v, 630r:637v, iii-r:iv-v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence