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File 2764/1904 Pt 5 'Baghdad Railway: Anglo-Turkish negotiations; concessions proposed in respect of Kowait; negotations with Hakki Pasha in London; Anglo-Turkish agreement.' [‎156v] (325/536)

The record is made up of 1 volume (254 folios). It was created in 1912-1914. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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occasions. Thus there is unanimity of evidence
amongst the local tribesmen that the boundary
as locally observed has not been questioned by
the Turkish authorities, who, on the contrary,
many years ago had actually buried some coal in
a pit as a permanent boundary mark ; and it
further appears that the periodical cleaning of
the Nahr Khaiyin has always been undertaken
by Persian subjects under the orders of the Sheikh
of Mohammerah, whilst the [cleaning of the
Di’aiji Canal has been carried out exclusively
under the orders of the Turkish mudirs.
The local inhabitants moreover draw a very
clear line of distinction between the position of
the Sheikh of Mohammerah in', for instance, the
islands of Akawat, Barin or Bowarin, Sham-
skamiyah, and Umm-ut-Tuwaileh, of the greater
part of which he is merely proprietor, and his
position on the Persian side of the locally
recognised boundary.
■ at the Turkish Govern-
l the line^fecommended
g Commissioners, have
*ow ior sixty Wars, in
ndfcated on map No. 2
m by local/usage witk-
re territorial status quo
r ernmen(fhave referred ;
ortanate to its continued
:y mnain indifferent if
disturb it.
From the point where the locally observed
frontier leaves the Khaiyin Canal and, opposite
the Nahr Nazaileh, enters the main channel of the
Shatt-el-Arab, it follows the medium filum aquce
of the Shatt-el-Arab down to the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. .
(See map No. 3.)
This line of demarcation is in accordance with
the general presumption that, where a navigable
river forms the boundary of conterminous States,
the middle of the channel or “ thalweg ” is the
actual line of separation between those two States.
Such a presumption may, however, be swept
away, either by proof of prior occupancy and long
undisturbed possession on the part of one of the
two States, or by express treaty stipulation.
The records of the past 300 years, as contained
m the official archives of the East India Company
and of His Majesty s Government, are far from
supporting any claim on the part of Turkey
to “ prior occupancy and long undisturbed
>i?
nvvvt

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Content

The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, newspaper cuttings, maps and notes, relating to a negotiations over the proposed Berlin to Baghdad Railway in the period 1912-1914.

The discussion in the volume relates to the economic, commercial, political and military considerations impinging on British strategy for the international negotiations over the development of a railway to Baghdad and an extension to Basra. In particular the correspondence focuses on:

The principal correspondents in the volume are the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey); the Secretary to the Board of Trade (Louis Mallet); the Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department, Simla (Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Henry McMahon); the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Zachariah Cox).

Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.

Extent and format
1 volume (254 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.

The subject 2764 (Bagdad Railway) consists of five volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/56-60. The volumes are divided into five parts with each part comprising one volume.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 256; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.

Written in
English in Latin script
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File 2764/1904 Pt 5 'Baghdad Railway: Anglo-Turkish negotiations; concessions proposed in respect of Kowait; negotations with Hakki Pasha in London; Anglo-Turkish agreement.' [‎156v] (325/536), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/10/60, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100048418271.0x00007e> [accessed 29 March 2024]

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