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'File 2/5 V SHAIKH’S DATE GARDENS.' [239r] (482/626)
The record is made up of 1 volume (309 folios). It was created in 30 Aug 1933-30 Apr 1935. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
as to be at once his strength and his weakness - His strength
because it keeps-the family life healthy and strong, his
weakness because it teaches him to believe that all Kings,
Governments etc. as we know them are tyrannous and hostile
always to individual interests. It, in other words, tends to
perpetuate the patriarchal or tribal system, which admits
only the Shaikh or the head of the family (hamoula) as the
authority to be obeyed. Hence the perpetual hostility^ for
instance^ of the tribes of Arabia^ to being ruled by a King
like Bin Baud ^and hence the lack of "patriotism" as we
know it, and the impossibility of getting tribes ever to
cooperate together in big or small things - The beginning
<J_
Slid end of p£a ideas on life being the family and the tribe,
yjjl. To turn now to system (b) - See para I above;
A t±ibe always owns its grazing and tribal lands
(including wells etc.) jointly, and never individually.
And in consequence the tribe as a whole jealously guard its
possessions against aggression from outside tribes. Jnder
the system also the position of the tribal boundaries are
known exactly, by every man wanan and child, and are handed
down from father to son. Wells also are more often than not
marked with tribal mark (Wasm) in similar way to their
camels.
The shaikh of the tribe may of course aetalr
certain wells and grazing areas during the Summer months
to certain sections and families of the tribe, as he thinks
fit, but this is purely for convenience sake. He may of
,, nr w ith any portion of the tribe’s lands
course not sell o^. parx win jr
,_ vat*v man knows this, ihe
or grazing grounds to anyone, ^ery man *
tribes lands are his "trust'.
jy under the same system, if a neighbouring tribe,
on”friendly terms, happens to be short of grazing in its
own country, it is always permitted to enter the tribal
lands of its neighbours on payment of a nominal tribute to
About this item
- Content
The volume contains correspondence related to the date gardens owned by the Shaikh of Kuwait, Ahmad Al-Jabir Al-Sabah, in southern Iraq. The correspondence concerns the Iraqi Ministry of Justice’s refusal to recognise the Power of Attorney presented to them by the Shaikh of Kuwait’s lawyer in Basra, Jacob Gabriel. It also concerns the following: the Shaikh of Kuwait's ownership of the gardens, the Tapu papers (land deeds) which prove his rights to the date gardens, smuggling, fellaheen Arabic for ‘peasant’. It was used by British officials to refer to agricultural workers or to members of a social class employed primarily in agricultural labour. riots at Faw, and tax payments. In the papers, the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs raised their concerns to the British Government that unless the Shaikh accepts the service of judicial documents emanating from the Iraqi Government all cases instituted against him would remain pending.
In the volume, British Officials circulate full lists of the Shaikh’s garden properties in Iraq. They also discuss the Iraqi Government’s request for the Shaikh to appear at the Court in Iraq, and how this could compromise his position as an independent ruler.
The volume also includes correspondence related to the ‘Ujairawiyeh Estate, which had been purchased by Shaikh Mubarak in 1912, and was registered in the name of his daughter Sharifa. The estate later became a shared property between the heirs. Such shared properties raised questions among British officials regarding the Arab custom of holding property in common.
The volume’s core correspondence covers October 1934- April 1935. The earlier start date given to the volume is a result of correspondence by the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. Trenchard Craven William Fowle (f 303), which is dated 30 August 1933. The correspondence is a drawing of a plan showing lands adjacent to Faw depot.
The main correspondence in the volume is between the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. , Bushire, the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Kuwait, the British Ambassador, Baghdad, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Iraq, the Ruler of Kuwait and his Basra lawyer Jacob Gabriel.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (309 folios)
- Arrangement
The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the volume.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 311; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Two previous foliation sequences, one circled and one uncircled, have been superseded and therefore crossed out.
- Written in
- English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/R/15/5/144
- Title
- 'File 2/5 V SHAIKH’S DATE GARDENS.'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:19v, 23r, 26r:32v, 34r:48v, 50r:77v, 82r:83v, 87r, 88r, 90r:94v, 98r:107r, 108r:109v, 112r:129r, 130r:131v, 133r:136v, 139r:170v, 180r:182v, 185r:188r, 189r:227r, 230r:230v, 232r:243v, 245r:249r, 250r:251v, 253r:254v, 256r:269r, 270r:270v, 274r:289v, 291r:302v, 304r:310v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence