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'File 8/60 MUSCAT STATE AFFAIRS: MUSSANNAH AND YAL SA'AD.' [‎4r] (7/266)

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The record is made up of 1 file (131 folios). It was created in 5 Feb 1920-8 Sep 1925. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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A.
i
Bxtract from Diary No. 5 Of the iiuaoat Political agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent.
dated the 10th February 1920.
X X X X X
Misc e1lane ougo
23 o News was received from on 5th February
that the Yal Saad under one 11 asud bin Zamit had attacked the
town which was virtually in a state of siege. Details w&ioh
arrived later showed that on the 2nd February when the wotk
of erecting the new Customs buildings was started llasud with
his followers, as a protest against the new Customs system, oc
occupied the road leading to the kasnaa bazaar, prevented the
import of water and fodder into the town , and effectively st-
stopped the ingress or egress. About 50 men of the Yal Saad a<
the same time forcibly took possession of Saiyid Talib’s
house situated near the tower kahadan, On learning this the
Vfali of kasnaa sent five of his men to the Yal Raad acting
them to clear the way. The Yal Saad at once opened fire which
the Wall's men returned resulting casualties or; the side of
the Yal Saado
0 ^ Firing haa occurred since, but the situation
remains much the same. The Wall has 150 armed men with him
in the fort,. The Yal Saad are in possession of the bazaar
and a ^virtual state of siege exists* The period of actual
danger has passed, and the Yal Saad are willing to come to ^
terms but the success of this open defiance of the Sultan*e
authority will have serious effect unless some raean^ can be 1
taken to show the tribesmen of the coast generally that such
efforts do not go unpunished. The action of the Yal baad at
Ma^naa is directly attributable to the success of those
defying the Customs at Sur and justifiable fears are enter-
-tained that if His Highness the Sultan should be unable to

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Content

This file relates to the Yal Sa`ad [Yāl Sa‘d], a tribe based on the Batinah coast. The correspondence discusses the reported resistance of Yal Sa`ad tribesmen to the establishment of customs houses in the area. It also discusses reported smuggling and slave trafficking by the tribe, and the grounds for British intervention on behalf of the Muscat Government. Relates matters covered in the correspondence include the following: reported attacks on the coastal town of Masnaah [Mussannah] by Yal Sa`ad tribesmen, in opposition to the construction of customs buildings there; reports of the Yal Sa`ad having engaged in slave trading on the Batinah coast; the issuing of ultimatums by the Muscat Council of Ministers (with British support) to the Yal Sa`ad shaikhs at Wudam and Khadhra; the intensive bombardment of Khadra and other villages by Royal Navy ships, along with the capture and burning of several dhows, during October and November 1922, in an effort to force the submission of the Yal Sa`ad.

Notable correspondents include the following: the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. and Consul, Muscat; the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ; the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ; the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India; the Sultan of Muscat and Oman, Taimur bin Faisal [Taymūr bin Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd].

All of the material is dated between 1920 and 1923, with the exception of a letter at the end of the file from the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. to the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. , which is dated 8 September 1925 and reports on recent events at Swaiq [As Suwayq].

The Arabic language material consists of several items of correspondence (English translations are included).

Extent and format
1 file (131 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 133; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.

Written in
English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script
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'File 8/60 MUSCAT STATE AFFAIRS: MUSSANNAH AND YAL SA'AD.' [‎4r] (7/266), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/6/238, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100056137056.0x000008> [accessed 24 April 2024]

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