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Coll 28/9 ‘Persia; Internal affairs; Shah’s tours in Persia: general situation reports’ [‎62v] (135/1038)

The record is made up of 1 volume (514 folios). It was created in 17 Feb 1931-27 Apr 1938. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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arnmm
u iri thpqp regions, it ousted Manassarian, despite
became strong enough , foi-ei°'ner had no right to hold such property
Soviet ^ ^ 1S ^ S ° W ,«
rara^to w 3^ that tWs
problem of the Shahsevans is simpler than that of the(|
( ) . , i foreign Power which might take then part is Russia,
^dEussmused them so rou^ly in 1912 tta^they have little reason to tumto
her - This tri"‘b^n'dl-nC 6 on occasion as the most powerful m Persia.
Properly speaking, of course, it is a loose federation of many small tribes, w o
hate frequently found themselves united into a strong force by common enmity
towards the Central Government. Highway robbery and holding to ransom were
everyday trades. That has been completely stopped, and while it is difficult to
obtain information, the fact that security is perfect on the roads running through
their territory and that no incidents are reported suggests that they have been
completely subjugated by the Central Government
As regards assimilation, this is being attempted as with the otheis. 1 hav|H
recorded in my diaries the attempt, suspended for the moment, but by no means
abandoned, to induce the nomad tribes to settle m houses instead of in movingB
tents and to have themselves registered and their flocks numbered. It appears
that a good deal of land is available for settlement, while the proposed irrigation
of the Moghan steppe on the Iranian side of the border is intended to provide
more. . Jg
(c) Karadaghis .—The inhabitants of the Karadagh, capital Ahar, do not
constitute a definite tribe. Intermixed with the Moslems are many Armenians.
But the relative inaccessibility of the mountainous region they inhabit has given
them a certain separate and common independence in the past and local leaders
have on occasion raised forces which have played important parts in the politics
of Persia. The last occasion was when the Central Government used them against
the Kurd Ismail Khan, and in those operations the Karadaghi leader Amir
Arshad was killed. He left behind him a brother, Sardar Leader of a tribe or a polity; also refers to a military rank or title given to a commander of an army or division. Ashair, but he is
of poorish quality as a leader and has no power now. The Shah’s strong arm
rules throughout the district and there is no talk now of Karadaghi horsemen;
the mountaineers are now seen by Tabrizis as their oafish country cousins, who
walk their mounts into town with loads of charcoal.
(3) Moslems.
There remains the Aloslem core of the population. It is considered to be
somewhat more fanatical, more resolute in its hold on tradition than the people
or the 8011 th. Indeed the Azerbaijani believes, with some justification, that in
personal physique, in business and in warfare, he is a sounder, sharper and braver
man than the Persian of the south. The Tehrani, and the pure Persian in general,
tuw 011 a su P e J 10r culture, affect a condescension towards the uncouth north,
ims awareness of a difference in speech and culture is, in the ordinary way, of
bm™ P r Y 1Ce r POll ] 1C ?: lly; 11 is P^kably less marked than was the different
foi tnnatfl PfC, p ld the n0rth of Scotlall <i 200 years ago, but England was
is from Frai ? 1 “y a \ much further away'from Scotland than Russia
interfere afnm'lrit ,, Whlle thei ;e 18 indication that Russia is disposed to
Shah il mistksGn and it is the common belief, that tie
filled by offickk Gom iC 0y fr ty d Aze rtaijan. The key positions are always
and the ueonfe feh klP S ° Uth; the most minute matter is referred to Tehran
control of affairs harsherTiC T "l" 1 ' numer °ns here than elsewhere, and tie
Nevertheless the elsewhere, all because of Russia,
district. The storv told nf f. hl hP lem ^ c y is complete throughout this frontmi
IS resolved to remain sunreme l TuT 11 t0 Rezaieh «lustrftes how fiercely e
goes, a khan of Rezaieh set out f 11 u"7 "l 16 °f Shah Muzaffar-ud-Din, so the tale
He praised the King, spoke of thf and was received by the Shah e nn f'
a district weeks distant from T,.i ° Ve a j °i' a hy felt for him in Urumieh, tie
he was on his way to Meshed k “ and ° ften unruly, and went on to say f
long in the love and loyaltv o/hiP’A^ the shrine that His Majesty might live
and he ended the ver? oln LP ™ 8 was music in the Shah's e®
tactful khan. The story became traditional^ Smi1 ® handsome presents to

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Content

Correspondence and reports submitted by British officials in Persia [Iran], along with newspaper cuttings collected from the British and Persian press, relating to the Shah of Persia, Reza Shah Pahlavi. Subjects covered include:

  • The Shah’s tours and visits around Persia, including to the towns and cities of Sistan [Zabol], Bushire, Shiraz, Meshed [Mashhad], Kermanshah, Tabriz, Ahwaz [Ahvāz].
  • Reports of economic and political conditions in Persia.
  • The first Minister of the Persia Court, Teymourtache [Abdolhossein Teymūrtāsh], including his dismissal by the Shah in 1933, and his subsequent trial, imprisonment and death.
  • Speculation over the health of the Shah.
  • Treatment of the Bakhtiari tribes by the Shah and his Government.
  • The Shah’s programme of modernisation in Persia, including the enforcement of European hats for men and unveiling of women, military reforms, and schemes for urban development.
  • A rebellion and massacre at the Goharshad shrine in Meshed in July 1935, provoked by a backlash against the Shah’s modernising tendencies. Papers include a secret report written by the British Consul-General for Khorasan and Sistan, Major Clive Kirkpatrick Daly (ff 218-222).

Principal correspondents in the file include: the British Legation at Tehran (Reginald Hervey Hoare; Hughe Montgomery Knatchbull-Hugessen; Nevile Montagu Butler); the Chargé d’Affaires at Tehran (Victor Alexander Louis Mallet); the British Consul-General for Khorasan and Sistan (Daly).

Newspaper cuttings from the Persian press are written in French.

Extent and format
1 volume (514 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 510; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. The front and back covers, along with the two leading and two ending flyleaves have not been foliated. A previous foliation sequence, which is present in parallel between ff 222-510 and is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.

Written in
English and French in Latin script
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Coll 28/9 ‘Persia; Internal affairs; Shah’s tours in Persia: general situation reports’ [‎62v] (135/1038), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/12/3404, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100056316195.0x000088> [accessed 29 March 2024]

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