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Coll 6/67(1) 'Boundaries of South-Eastern Arabia and Qatar.' [‎186v] (377/794)

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The record is made up of 1 volume (392 folios). It was created in 13 Jun 1934-13 Dec 1934. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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Const, to
F.O., No.
157, 8.3.05
Basra to
Const., No.
26, 19.5.05.
Bre. Ir. 513
to G. of I.,
29.10.05.
P. 285/06.
Desp. 15,
13.4.06,
P. 2834/06.
Bre. Ir. 51
of 4.2.06,
P. 535/06.
Const, to
F.O., 292,
1.5.06.
P.A.,
Koweit, to
Resdt.,
30.9.06.
Government and concluding with the following words: “ The Government will put
soldiers in El Kasim, and there will be official relations between you (i.e. Ibn Sand)
and them, and all of you will be in the service of the Sultan. As for Ibn Rashid,
he shall have nothing to do with affairs in Nejd.” In the following month, how
ever, the Turks were still apparently supporting Ibn Rashid against Ibn Saud. ^
Abdur Rahman takes Oath of Allegiance to Turkey, 1905.
137. In May 1905 it was reported that Riyadh, Washem, Sedayr and their
dependencies had been formed into a caza of which the centre was to be Riyadh,
and that Ibn Sand’s father had been made Kaimakan of the new caza on solemnly
taking an oath of allegiance to the Sultan.
Projected Visit by Ibn Saud to Trucial Coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. , 1905-1906.
138. Towards the end of 1905 information was received that Ibn Saud had
visited Katr (still nominally under Turkish rule) and composed certain tribal
disputes there, and that he was meditating a visit to the Trucial Coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. and to
Muscat. This news had seriously disturbed the Sheikh of Abu Dhabi, who had
himself been instrumental in the final extinction of Wahabi influence from Baraimi
and the Trucial Coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. in 1870, and the Sultan of Muscat, both of whom (with the
Sheikh of Dabai) belonged to the Hinawi tribe and feared that the arrival of
Ibn Saud would be the signal for a combination against them of the remaining
Trucial Chiefs who belonged to the Ghafari tribe. Ibn Saud, moreover, was
reported to have remarked “ By God, I will explore the country belonging to my
father and grandfather from Muscat to Ja.alan.”
Views of Government of India and II.M. Government.
139. The Government of India were seriously disturbed as to the possible effect
on our position on the Trucial Coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. and in Muscat of a visit by Ibn Saud.
H.M. Government in the light of their views decided after consultation with the
Ambassador at Constantinople that if Ibn Saud appeared on the coast and failed to
give satisfactory assurances as to his intentions, he should be warned that any
attempt on his part to interfere in Oman or along the Arab coast, either with the
Chiefs or with their subjects, would be regarded as an unfriendly act and that
steps would be taken to frustrate it. Before these instructions were received,
Sir Percy Cox had conveyed a hint in this sense to Ibn Saud through the Sheikh
of Koweit (who regarded the proposed visit as a mere attempt to blackmail the
coastal Chiefs). The visit, probably owing to the unsettled situation in Nejd, was
abandoned. It should be recorded that, on the instructions of H.M. Government,
the Trucial Sheikhs were in the same connection warned by the Resident that, on
the ground that general unrest prejudicial to British commercial interests on the
Coast would inevitably result, the Government of India would not view with
complacency the intrigues of any of them with Ibn Saud.
Defeat of Ibn Rashid, May 1906.
140. In May 1906 Ibn Rashid and his immediate following of 250 were
surprised and annihilated in Qasim by Ibn Saud, and Ibn Saud was reported from
Jedda in June of that year to have declared himself, consequent on his victory,
ruler of the whole Shark (East) and to have sent letters to Constantinople,
Basrah, Bagdad, the Hedjaz, and the Shenf of Mecca. Sir Nicholas O’Conor
doubted, however, whether Ibn Saud would be able to cope with the Turks,
“ should he decide to proclaim his independence of the Sultan.”
Turkish Allowances to Ibn Saud.
141. In August 1906 the Consul at Basrah reported that the allowance granted
by the Turks to Ibn Saud was by a recent arrangement paid through the Sheikh of
Koweit, who deducted it from the land tax on his Eao property. The Sheikh
stated that the allowances paid by the Turks were 90 liras a month to Ibn Sand’s
father and 200 liras and about 300 tons of rice to Ibn Rashid. In October 1906
the Resident at Bagdad reported a statement that Ibn Saud had m the past received
TT.30 a month from .Turkey, with 100 suits of clothes and some grain—an
allowance now alleged to have been discontinued.

About this item

Content

This volume primarily concerns British policy regarding the south-eastern boundaries of Saudi Arabia.

It includes interdepartmental discussion regarding the approach that the British Government should take in reaching a settlement with King Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] over the demarcation of the boundaries.

Much of the correspondence discusses the legal and international position of what is referred to as the 'blue line' (the frontier which marked the Ottoman Government's renunciation of its claims to Bahrain and Qatar, as laid down in the non-ratified Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913 and redefined and adopted in the Anglo-Ottoman convention of the following year), a line which is not accepted by Ibn Saud as being binding upon his government.

The volume features the following principal correspondents: His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Andrew Ryan); the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Craven William Fowle); the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Kuwait (Lieutenant-Colonel Harold Richard Patrick Dickson); the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Bahrain (Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Gordon Loch); the Chief Commissioner, Aden (Bernard Rawdon Reilly, referred to in the correspondence as Resident); the Secretary of State for the Colonies (Sir Philip Cunliffe-Lister); the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir John Simon); the Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs; officials of the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. , the Foreign Office, the Colonial Office, the War Office, and the Air Ministry.

Matters discussed in the correspondence include the following:

  • Whether the British should press Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] for a general settlement of all outstanding major questions.
  • The extent of territory that the British should be prepared to include in any concession made to Ibn Saud.
  • The British response to what are referred to as Ibn Saud's 'ancestral claims' to territories east of the blue line.
  • Sir Andrew Ryan's meetings with Ibn Saud in Taif, in July 1934.
  • Meetings held at the Foreign Office between Sir Andrew Ryan, George Rendel (Head of the Foreign Office's Eastern Department), Fuad Bey Hamza (Deputy Minister for Saudi Foreign Affairs), and Hafiz Wahba (Saudi Arabian Minister in London), in September 1934.
  • The boundaries of a proposed 'desert zone', suggested by Rendel, where Ibn Saud would hold personal rather than territorial rights.
  • Saudi-Qatari relations.
  • Whether tribal boundaries should be considered as a possible solution to the boundary question.

Also included are the following:

The Arabic material consists of one item of correspondence (an English translation is included).

The volume includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 4).

Extent and format
1 volume (392 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 394; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.

Written in
English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script
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Coll 6/67(1) 'Boundaries of South-Eastern Arabia and Qatar.' [‎186v] (377/794), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/12/2134, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100056574349.0x0000b2> [accessed 18 April 2024]

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