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Coll 30/90 'Persian claim to the island of Bahrain' [100v] (205/1062)
The record is made up of 1 file in 3 parts (519 folios). It was created in 25 May 1934-23 Sep 1948. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
8
letter dated
2.7.1825.
Abstract.
Bombay
Political
Lor. i 854 . 25. In October 1828 a last attack by the Imam of Muscat was severely
defeated and driven off, “ after several undignified attempts to conclude a peac^
with the 5 Sheikhs of Bahrein, and on 2nd December, 1829, peace was finally madt,
Lor. i, 85 . 5 - 6 . between the Sheikhs and the Imam. The mam provisions of this agreement were
that tribute should not in future be paid by Bahrein to Muscat, and that neithei
ruler should henceforth interfere in the affairs of the other. By a supplementary
verbal agreement the parties bound themselves to aid one another in the event of
an attack by a third party.
Summary, 1820-30
26. During the first two years of this period the islands acknowledged the
supremacy of and, for a time, paid tribute to Muscat. From 1822 to 1829 they
were intermittently at feud with Muscat. In 1829 a treaty was concluded by which
Muscat withdrew its claims to supremacy and to tribute. The Persian claim was
alluded to in 1822 and 1825 but not pressed.
¥.—1830-40
Bahrein and the Wahabis, 1830-35
27. In the course of 1830-31 the Sheikhs, His Majesty’s Government having
refused to intervene in their favour, and fearing a combination between the Amir
and Muscat, formally submitted to the Wahabi Amir of the Arab mainland.
They agreed to acknowledge the Amir’s supremacy and to pay a tribute to him.
Lor. i, 856-7. He on his part undertook to protect Bahrein against external aggression. In
1833, however, the Sheikh felt strong enough to repudiate Wahabi supremacy, and
he conducted a not unsuccessful offensive against the Wahabis between 1833 and
1835.
Bahrein and the British Government
28. Sheikh Klialifah-bin-Salman, who had been joint ruler with his uncle
Sheikh Abdullah since the death of Sheikh Salman in 1825, died in 1834, and was
succeeded as joint ruler by his son Sheikh Mohammed bin Khalifah. Effective
control continued to rest with Sheikh Abdullah. Internal dissension in the
ruling iamily became more marked between 1834 and 1839, and the misgovern-
ment of the island continued to grow with unfortunate effects on its prosperity.
His Majesty’s Government, although in 1834 they had to take forcible measures
against the Sheikh to secure reparation for an insult to their
Residency
An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India.
Agent in
Bahrein, were, however, content to abstain from any interference in the internal
affairs of Bahrein so long as the Sheikhs discharged the obligations undertaken
by their Treaty of 1820.
Restrictive Line applied to Bahrein, 1836
29. In 183o the British Government renewed the maritime truce which they
i- L. ^ A 1 Oil 1 n ‘ . t • n . t
had imposed in 1820 on the Arab rulers of the Gulf in the interest of the suppres
sion of piracy. T he Sheikh of Bahrein was not, however, included in the
l^ .bsoo. renewed truce, partly apparently because he had behaved so well that this was
Precis, 3ou. thought unnecessary, partly because he could be easily punished in the event of
this proving desirable, and partly lest in the event of his inclusion he mi^ht
claim British intervention if attacked by Muscat. In March 1836 the Sheikh
agreed, however, to the application to Bahrein of the “Restrictive Line” this
being a line laid down in that year by His Majesty’s Government between which
and the Persian coast no naval hostilities were in future to be permitted
Reassertion of Persian claim. Bahrein tributary to the Wahabis, 1836
, 5^* f836 the Sheikh, alarmed by a communication from
it Governor oi >.;iiraz calling on him as a Persian subject to tender his sub-
Bombay
Selections.
XXIV, 385.
W-rVL V J OOO. . * ^ -| . Til A A J lilv? o Lt L/ ~
Lor. i, 858. mission to the shah, and by the possibility of the co-operation of the Imam of
vmsf'at in « PAvcnnn otfanL /vn T4.-.L o
Wahabi Amir. As a result, he agreed to pay a nominal tribute of $2,000 to
the Amir, the Amir on his side agreeing to supply troops for the defence of
About this item
- Content
The file concerns the claim of the Government of Iran (generally referred to as the Government of Persia) to territorial sovereignty over Bahrein [Bahrain].
The papers include: the Iranian claim in the light of the Bahrain oil concession; representations by the Government of Iran to the League of Nations, and the involvement of League in the dispute; summary of diplomatic correspondence, 1927-29 (folios 506-511); India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. 'Historical Memorandum on Bahrein', dated 14 July 1934 - a historical summary of the political status of Bahrain, and Persian claims to sovereignty; the submission of the question by the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. to the Law Officers of the Crown, 1934 (folios 466-472), and the report of the Law Officers of the Crown (folios 400-403), stating their opinion that Persia had no rights of sovereignty or suzerainty over Bahrain; the view of the Foreign Office (subsequently adopted) that references in public pronouncements to the independence of Bahrain needed to be qualified by the statement that the ruler was 'in special treaty relations with His Majesty's Government' (folios 378-380); the status of Tamb and Abu Musa (folio 361); the imposition of Iranian import duty on aviation oil supplied to Bahrain (folios 315-316); the views of the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. on the dangers of submitting the question to international arbitration (folios 308-314); similarities to the dispute between the United States of America (USA) and the Netherlands over Palmas Island [Miangas or Palmas, Indonesia] (e.g. folios 306-307); the views of the Government of Saudi Arabia (folios 268-270); the issue of passports and visas; transcripts of articles in support of the Iranian position in the Iranian and Arabic language press; the effect of the Bahrain nationality and property laws; Italian propaganda in support of the Iranian claim (folio 243); comparison with the Falkland Islands (folio 210); the refusal of the Iranian postal authorities to accept mails from Bahrain (folio 186); the involvement of the United Nations Organisation; Foreign Office 'Memorandum on Bahrein', dated 13 January 1947, substantially based on the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. 'Historical Memorandum on Bahrein' of 1934 (folios 97-126); Soviet propaganda over Bahrain (folio 57); the presence in Tehran of a person claiming to represent the Bahrain National Party (folios 50-54); and correspondence dated 1948 concerning the size and position of the Persian community in Bahrain, including a letter on the subject from Charles Dalrymple Belgrave, Adviser to the Government of Bahrain (folios 25-37).
The file contains significant correspondence from the Foreign Office, HM Minister, Tehran (later the British Ambassador to Tehran), and the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. .
The French language content of the file consists of approximately thirty folios of diplomatic correspondence and newspaper extracts.
The file also contains copies of earlier correspondence, dated 1927-31.
The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.
- Extent and format
- 1 file in 3 parts (519 folios)
- Arrangement
The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: this file consists of three physical parts. The foliation sequence commences at the front cover of part one with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover of part three with 525; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-524; these numbers are printed, but are not circled.
- Written in
- English and French in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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Coll 30/90 'Persian claim to the island of Bahrain' [100v] (205/1062), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/12/3810, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100059426984.0x000012> [accessed 19 April 2024]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/12/3810
- Title
- Coll 30/90 'Persian claim to the island of Bahrain'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:29v, 38r:50v, 53r:117v, 118v, 121v:122v, 126r:149v, 152r:166v, 169v:177v, back-i, front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 180r:197v, 199r:209v, 210v, 211v:221v, 223r:227v, 230r:231v, 233v:234v, 235v, 235r, 236r:238v, 240r:240v, 242r:245v, 247r:248v, 250r:251v, 255r:257v, 262r:272v, 274r:276v, 280r:280v, 282v:294v, 295v:345v, 348r:350v, back-i, front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 353r:374v, 378r:394v, 396r:424v, 427r:427v, 428v, 431v:433v, 440r:443v, 445r:446v, 448r:450v, 452r:454v, 457r:494r, 496r:501v, 509v:513v, 515r:518v, 520r:524v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence