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Coll 6/8(1) 'Printed Series: 1929 to 1938.' [328r] (660/1062)
The record is made up of 1 volume (527 folios). It was created in 6 Jan 1929-15 Jan 1938. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
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170[
raiding party composed oi Beni Attiya, the Saidiyeen el Gharbiyeen and some
of the Abu IMoweir tribe .had looted from Inezeh and the JSherarat of Nejd under
a leader of the Baidiyeen el Gharbiyeen, aithougn i am unaware of itiis hixcei-
lency’s intentions in urging the employment of this Force at any available oppor
tunity whether suitable or not, as for example his request to reinforce the Zizia
outpost by some of the Frontier Force when Ibn Diab was killed.
I quite agree that the Trans-Jordan tribes should not be allowed to raid
and that those who dare to do so should be punished and made to recover and
return all they loot. I have confirmed this on several occasions by word and
deed. But being desirous of protecting the tribes of my people and of retain
ing the loyalty of that people towards me and towards the Mandatory Power,
I find it necessary in the light of my knowledge of Beduin mentality to draw
Your Excellency’s attention and that of His Excellency the High Commissioner
for Trans-Jordan, to the following remarks :—
(1) Kaiding as viewed by tribes is legitimate and the existence of each
tribe within the limits of their natural boundaries gives them the right to raid
any other tribe outside their boundaries.
(2) Beduin Arabs, like Ibn Sand, and Ibn Rasheed formerly, took the lea
dership of their tribes to raid the other when quarrels between them were dec
lared, because those tribes are in fact the soldier of Beduin Amirs.
(3) When one of them conquers the other the tribes of the vanquished
commit themselves to the victorious Amir and unite with him and then will
attack with him that Amir who had been their previous chief in their country
and would not mind capturing that chief and his family. This is what hap
pened when Mohamed Ibn Rasheed conquered all Nejd and captured A1 Baud
and the very same thing happened recently to A1 Rasheed at the hands of Ibn
Baud. Such is God’s law in Jezeera (Arabia).
(4) Now as regards those parts of Arabia which were governed by Civil
Governments, as Turkey previously. Turkey permitted raiding amongst the
tribes and did not object at all as long as raids did not extend to the settled dis
tricts and as long as the Amirs of Nejd acknowledged the suzerainty of the Sul
tan the same as Egypt.
(5) Since the Nejdian tribes have attacked this country, when they had em
braced the YV r ahhabi creed and were supported by their Sultan and then by their
King and were not punished for their action nor anything was restored to the
tribes of this country or any compensation given, this would convey to the
Beduin that freedom of raiding is still open and lawful.
(6) At present also when that King has made an end as is rumoured of the
Wahhabi hordes who had risen against him his tribes who are under his P 10 ~
tection and favour started to raid the tribes of this country. The number of
such raids is no doubt known to Your Excellency. On our side we have not
gained anything for our tribes but have only given promises that their losses
would be made good yet whilst we do not repel raids against them we aie doing
our best to restore all they had taken from their enemies which is on an
average of one to ten, that is to say against ten raids by Nejd there is one raid
by Trans-Jordan.
Owing to these facts I would point out that the following mil happen
{a) The resentment of all the inhabitants of Trans-Jordan will be raised
against us on account of their enemy having a free hand to raid
them at pleasure wTiereas they are not protected but are commanc -
ed to have patience against such horrid acts and aie bidden to re
taliate.
(b) The disappearance of love and loyalty from the hearts of the people
towards me and towards the Mandatory Power ror that reason.
(e) The firm belief of the Bedu that the Nejd-Hejaz Government frwhtM
this side and renders it unable to safeguard the rights of its sub
jects and of those taking refuges in its country.
(d) The tribes will commence to take refuge in the Nejdian authorities
and joinin'’’ them will show enmity to us which is only a natural
result of what is said above.
About this item
- Content
This volume compiles printed copies of letters, telegrams, memoranda and newspaper extracts relating to Britain's involvement across the Arabian Peninsula during the period 1929-1938. Whilst the correspondence encompasses all matters concerning British interests in the region, much of it relates to Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and the Kingdom of the Hejaz and Nejd (later Saudi Arabia). Matters discussed in the correspondence include the following:
- Reports of unrest in the Hejaz.
- Relations between Imam Yeha Hamid-Ud-Din [Yaḥyá Muḥammad Ḥamīd al-Dīn, Imam of Yemen] and Ibn Saud.
- Reports of raids and arms trafficking on the Transjordan Used in three contexts: the geographical region to the east of the River Jordan (literally ‘across the River Jordan’); a British protectorate (1921-46); an independent political entity (1946-49) now known as Jordan -Nejd frontier.
- Reports of the proceedings of British naval ships in the Red Sea.
- Details of the Akhwan [Ikhwan] revolt against Ibn Saud, including the movements of one of the revolt's leaders, Faisal Dawish [Fayṣal bin Sulṭān al-Dawīsh], and his surrender to the British in Kuwait.
- Relations between Kuwait and Nejd.
- Relations between Iraq and Nejd, including a proposed meeting between Ibn Saud and King Faisal [Fayṣal] of Iraq, and reports of a treaty of alliance between Iraq and Saudi Arabia.
- Objections from the Hejaz Government to Royal Air Force aircraft flying over Nejd territory.
- The purchase of arms by the Hejaz Government from Poland.
- Ibn Saud's annexation of Asir.
- The death of King Hussein [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī].
- Harry St John Bridger Philby's conversion to Islam, his mapping of Rub-al-Khali, and his reported spreading of Saudi propaganda in the Aden Protectorate.
- The currency exchange crisis in the Hejaz-Nejd and the financial situation in the kingdom generally.
- Reports on a survey of the water and mineral content of the Hejaz coastal area.
- Relations between Soviet Russia and Saudi Arabia.
- The emigration of Jews from Yemen to Palestine, via Aden.
- British fears that Italy might harbour ambitions to annex Yemen.
- Saudi oil concessions.
- Italian-Saudi relations.
Prominent correspondents include the following: the British Agent (later His Majesty's Chargé d’Affaires) at Jeddah; His Majesty's Minister at Jeddah; the High Commissioner for Egypt; the High Commissioner for Iraq; the High Commissioner for Transjordan Used in three contexts: the geographical region to the east of the River Jordan (literally ‘across the River Jordan’); a British protectorate (1921-46); an independent political entity (1946-49) now known as Jordan ; the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Kuwait; the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. (later Chief Commissioner, and later still, Governor), Aden; the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ; His Majesty's Ambassador to Iraq; His Majesty's Ambassador to Italy; the Secretary of State for the Colonies; the Minister (and Acting Minister) for Foreign Affairs for the Kingdom of the Hejaz and Nejd (later Saudi Arabia); Ibn Saud; King Feisal of Iraq; the Prime Minister of Iraq; various officials of the Colonial Office, the Foreign Office, the Air Ministry, and the Admiralty.
The French material in the volume consists of several items of correspondence and a copy of a treaty between France and Yemen, which was signed in April 1936.
The volume includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (527 folios)
- Arrangement
The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.
The items of correspondence are divided (roughly) into various sections. Each extract or item of correspondence within these sections has its own number, which is enclosed in brackets. These numbers proceed in ascending (and approximate chronological) order from left to right; however, the sections themselves proceed in reverse, from the rear to the front of the volume, in distinct groups (e.g. for 1929 numbers 1-23, which are located at folios 517-526, are followed by numbers 24-49 at folios 509-516, which are then followed by numbers 50-89 at folios 494-508, and so on).
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 529; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Pagination: each section of correspondence within the volume (as described in the arrangement field) has its own pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English and French in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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Coll 6/8(1) 'Printed Series: 1929 to 1938.' [328r] (660/1062), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/12/2071, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100061765166.0x00003d> [accessed 24 April 2024]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/12/2071
- Title
- Coll 6/8(1) 'Printed Series: 1929 to 1938.'
- Pages
- 327v:328v
- Author
- ʿAbdullāh I xx al-Hāshimī, ʿAbdullāh bin Ḥusayn xx al-Hāshimī, ʿAbdullāh bin al-Ḥussein
- Usage terms
- Public Domain