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'SUMMARY OF THE PRINCIPAL EVENTS AND MEASURES OF THE VICEROYALTY OF HIS EXCELLENCY LORD CURZON OF KEDLESTON, VICEROY AND GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF INDIA IN THE FOREIGN DEPARTMENT. I. JANUARY 1899-APRIL 1904. II. DECEMBER 1904-NOVEMBER 1905. VOLUME IV. PERSIA AND THE PERSIAN GULF.' [‎23r] (50/386)

The record is made up of 1 volume (189 folios). It was created in 1907. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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n i"
33
ITanmn-i-Mash'kel. From tins point northwards to Koh-i-Malik Siah, the
boundary was neither demarcated nor accurately surveyed, hut was
simply described, and marked out in accordance with the description on the
then existing maps of this part of the country. These maps have since been
found to be inaccurate. In the Agreement of the 24th March 1896 the
boundary was declared to run as follows :—
“ From pillar 11 northwards, the Talab Fiver becomes the boundary to its
junction with the Mirjawa River. From the point of junction, it is carried by
a straight line to the nearest point on the watershed of the Mirjawa range,
which limits the drainage into the Mirjawa River on the north. Thence it
follows the main watershed northward to the highest point of the Kacha Koh.
From the highest point of the Kacha Koh, the line is carried straight to the
highest point of the Malik Siah Koh”.
From the terms of this agreement and from the report (dated the 23rd
June 1896) submitted by the British Commissioner, Colonel (now Sir Thomas)
Holdich, it appeared that the intention was that, from the point where the
boundary leaves the river, it should follow the main watershed of the
mountains up to Koh-i-Malik Siah. Later and more accurate surveys had
brought to light two points in which the description of the boundary was
open to question. In the first place, doubts existed as what was meant by
the junction between the Mirjawa and Talab Rivers. In the second place, the
straight line from Kacha Koh to Koh-i-Malik Siah does not correspond with
the watershed. In 1899, Major Sykes had advocated the delimitation of this
portion of the frontier. But the Government of India at that time were
disinclined to have recourse to demarcation. Subsequent events compelled the
adoption of a more active policy. In April 1901, Captain Webb AVare, the
Political Officer in charge of the British frontier, constructed a small outpost
at Mirjawa on the western bank of the Lar-i-Ghiaban, which appears to
have been the Mirjawa River of Colonel Iloldich’s border. Shortly afterwards
the Belgian authorities, acting under Russian advice, proposed to establish a
Customs post at the same point. Some tension arose locally; and the feeling
was accentuated by an affray in which Mons. Ccsari fired upon a British
Levy Duffadar A Non-Commissioned Officer in the Indian Cavalry. in the neighbourhood of the debatable area. Complaints of
British aggression were addressed by the Persian Government to the British
Minister, and it was eventually decided that the border should be demarcated
by a Joint Commission. Colonel McMahon was nominated as British Com
missioner. But the arbitration proceedings in Seistan were more protracted
than had been anticipated, and extended over more than two years. In the
meanwhile, Captain Webb Ware had been instructed to withdraw his post
from the west to the east bank of the Lar-i-Ghiaban, w T here he had built a
new station on a site called Padaha ; friction had grown less ; and the only point
which immediately required a settlement was that of the right to obtain supplies
for the new post from the country on the west bank claimed by Persia.
British interests had nothing to gain from demarcation, which, unless
the Persian Government could be induced to cede more than could be claimed
on a strict interpretation of the Holdich Agreement, would only stereotype
permanently a boundary which had few advantages from a British point of
view, which would have passed inconveniently near to the British post at
Robat, would have definitely placed on the Persian side certain uplands
which might form the sites of future posts, and would have finally severed
the new post on the east bank of the Dar-i-Ghiaban from the only convenient
sources of water and supplies Lord Curzon determined, therefore, to
dispense with any actual delimitation, provided that a suitable arrangement
could be concluded with the Persian Government. Eventually on the 13th May
1905, Sir Arthur Hardinge signed with the Mushir-ed-Howleh an Agreement
which promised finally to settle the points immediately at issue. By the
Agreement Great Britain withdrew the claim to Mirjawa put foiwaid in
1902; while the Persian Government undertook to permit the British post
at Padaha to procure water from the Mirjawa side. In consideration of this
settlement, the two Governments agreed to abandon the further examination
bv a Joint Commission. As regards supplies, it was arranged that the inhabi
tants of Mirjawa, Ladis, and Duzdab, on the Persian side of the border,

About this item

Content

Printed at the GC [Government Central] Press, Simla.

The volume is divided into three parts: Part I (folios 5-47) containing an introduction; Part II (folios 48-125) containing a detailed account; and Part III (folios 126-188) containing despatches and correspondence connected with Part I Chapter IV ('The Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ', folios 28-47).

Part I gives an overview of policy and events in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. region during Curzon's period as Viceroy [1899-1905], with sections on British policy in Persia; the maintenance and extension of British interests; Seistan [Sīstān]; and the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. . Part II contains more detailed accounts of selected topics, including sections on British policy in Persia, customs and finance, quarantine, administration, communications, and British and Russian activity in Seistan. The despatches and correspondence in Part III include correspondence from the Government of India in the Foreign Department, the Secretary of State for India, and the Viceroy; addresses and speeches by Curzon; and notes of interviews between Curzon and local rulers.

Mss Eur F111/531-534 consist of four identical printed and bound volumes. However, the four volumes each show a small number of different manuscript annotations and corrections.

This volume contains manuscript additions on folios 11, 40-41, 47, and 142-146.

Extent and format
1 volume (189 folios)
Arrangement

The volume contains a list of Parts I-III on folio 4; a table of contents of Part I on folio 6; a table of contents of Part II on folio 49; and a table of contents of Part III on folios 127-129, which gives a reference to the paragraph of Part I Chapter IV that the despatch or correspondence is intended to illustrate.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 191; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.

Written in
English in Latin script
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'SUMMARY OF THE PRINCIPAL EVENTS AND MEASURES OF THE VICEROYALTY OF HIS EXCELLENCY LORD CURZON OF KEDLESTON, VICEROY AND GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF INDIA IN THE FOREIGN DEPARTMENT. I. JANUARY 1899-APRIL 1904. II. DECEMBER 1904-NOVEMBER 1905. VOLUME IV. PERSIA AND THE PERSIAN GULF.' [‎23r] (50/386), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/532, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100070112822.0x000033> [accessed 28 March 2024]

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