'SUMMARY OF THE PRINCIPAL EVENTS AND MEASURES OF THE VICEROYALTY OF HIS EXCELLENCY LORD CURZON OF KEDLESTON, VICEROY AND GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF INDIA IN THE FOREIGN DEPARTMENT. I. JANUARY 1899-APRIL 1904. II. DECEMBER 1904-NOVEMBER 1905. VOLUME IV. PERSIA AND THE PERSIAN GULF.' [‎58v] (121/386)

going to the Par East in time of peace, but had no serious significance in case
of war, so long as it was not fortified and provided with communications by
land with a Russian base.
It was agreed that in reality the most effective check to Russian progress
towards South Persia lay in the completion of the railway from Constantinople
to Baghdad, as it would bring the Turks in force on the flank of a Russian
advance, and that it would be a great mistake to oppose the project which we
ought, on the contrary, to encourage to the best of our power, provided we can
acquire our proper share iu the control of the railway and of its outlet on the
Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. .
36. The opinion of Lord Curzon’s Government was invited in a telegram
from the Secretary of State, dated the 3rd September 1903, on the proposals
thus formulated.
37. Meanwhile in May 1903, yet another pronouncement more weighty,
clear and unmistakeable than its predecessors, was made to the world by the
Marquess of Lansdowne in the House of Lords in respect to British policy in the
Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. . He declared that in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. the policy of His Majesty’s
Government aimed at the protection and promotion of British commerce, and
that, while their efforts were not directed to the exclusion of the legitimate trade
. . , „ of other Powers, they would regard the
Public declaration of Bnti^ po icy. establishment of a naval base or of a
fortified port in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. by any other Power as a very grave menace
to British interests, and would certainly resist it with all the means at their
disposal. In the course of conversation on the following day the Russian
Ambassador in London alluded to this declaration of British policy, and Lord
Lansdowne took the opportunity to broach the question of an understanding
between the British and the Russian Governments in regard to the policy
of the two countries in Persia. He explained that the British Government
recognized the preponderance of Russia in North Persia, while they themselves
had special interests in the Gulf, in the Southern ports and in Seistan, and
would certainly regard with serious apprehension any attempt on the part of
Russia to construct a railway from the North which would threaten the
frontiers of India on the Baluchistan side. Count Benckendorf declared that
Russia had no intention of establishing a naval base in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and
that it w r as most unlikely that they would undertake any scheme of railway
construction such as that described. He doubted, however, whether the situa
tion was yet ripe fur any general discussion as to affairs in Persia, where it
Overtures to the Russian Government ^Ould be difficult to diaw a haid-and-fast
regarding the partition of Persia into line between British and Russian interests
spheres of influence. without raising questions which might
give rise to trouble. Subsequent overtures made it clear that the Russian
Government shared the views of their Ambassador, and were not prepared to
consider any proposals for the partition of Persia into spheres of influence.
38. The consideration of the question on which the opinion of Lord Curzon’s
. 7r . J . Q . , Government was desired in September
1903* was deferred until Lord Curzon had
had an opportunity of discussing the question in person with Sir A. Hard in ge
during his visit to the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. which took place later in the year. A reply
was finally sent in February 1904.
There were several remarks in the papers submitted to them, with which
the Government of India did not find themselves in agreement. They did not
agree that, if Great Britain found it necessary under any conditions to occupy
a port or ports in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , Germany, France, and Turkey would
necessarily or naturally do the same. The situation in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. bore
little or no resemblance to that in the Gulf, of Pechili ; and there was not
the same provocation to international rivalry.
Nor did the Government of India believe that if the occupation of ports
or territory in Southern or Eastern Persia brought Great Britain into conflict
with Russia, France would necessarily join the latter.
They differed also from the view that our political and strategical
interests would be adequately protected only by an understanding with