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‘File XXIX/4 THE IMAM’S RISING 1913-1920. RISING of IMAM of NIZWA JAN. 1915 & ATTACK ON BAIT-al-FALAJ JAN. 1915’ [‎296r] (614/836)

The record is made up of 1 volume (405 folios). It was created in 23 Dec 1914-31 Oct 1916. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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authorised representative sent by the Imw and that
not in possession of any cred- ntiais any such discussion with
him was out of the question,
■it was t however * i nf o n«ed in a general way what demands it would
probably be unwise for the rebels to include in any statement
that they might feel disposed to submit in due course, Hhme ^
* :iXl " xl *° be 10 ^ sabodied in the Memorandum at Enclosure » B 4
no was also assured that any representations made in the proper
way would receive our sympathetic consideration.
The man lelt ^.asoat for Awabi*where the lams is now residing,
on the 4th,June* He promised to return 5? with further inform-
at ion” in due course* and hinted that a statcmient of such of
the rebel demands as lay in our power to grant would be sub
mitted to me direct and that others,affecting the Sultan only,
would be sent to His Highness * but that a copy of the latter
would also be sent to me anonymously for information.
His Highness was informed by me at once of the purport of my
interview with this man. His Highness entirely approved of the
action t ken ami of the reply given to Hamad bin O&y&d,
Hie Suii&n*^ view in that while a few of the more intelligent
people may possibly desire a reconciliation,the religious ele
ment,headed by the lm«i»,who are still engaged in preaching a
’jih^d*,are opposed to peace and will exercise their superior
influence to render all efforts at 'pM an amicable settlement
abortive, la any case His Highness in convinced that the
rebels will' never surrender th# Ssawill valley* for which His
Highness intends to hold out as -a first condition of peace,
except under force of arms*
7, of the movements of the rebel® in the interior tTv-re
is little to recoil, For several months they have shown m
activity there nor are there any sign® of any desire on their
part to renew combined hostilities* Small bands of raiders
Hava diven trouble in the vicinity of the military picquets nni
Hkv* on two oeosuaiona Bueo<se«ietf in carrying off herd* of goat*,
belonging to the garrison. They :* «ve also looted cattle from
the coast village of Kautna, while quite recently a books* 11 * 1 .

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Content

The volume contains correspondence in the form of reports, memoranda, and a considerable number of translated letters of notable local Omani shaikhs and members of al-Bu Sa‘id ruling family. The correspondence is mainly concerned with the rising of the Imam of Oman, Salim bin Rashid al-Kharusi against the Sultan of Muscat and Oman, Taimur bin Fayṣal bin Turki al-Bu Sa‘idi, and the former’s attack on Muscat in 1915. The Imam’s coalition included Omani tribal leaders, Himyar bin Nasir al-Nabhani, and ‘Isa bin Saleh al-Harthi, who were rising against the existence of the British forces in Muscat and the Sultan’s reliance on the British in his rule. The Imam’s forces met at Sama'il and led their way from there to attack the British forces’ garrison at Bait al-Falaj. Upon the attack, British officials, the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Muscat and the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , Bushire, in particular reported on the number of casualties from both sides. The attack has raised concerns of more attacks to take place in the future.

Among other issues raised in the volume are:

  • current situation in various regions including Sama'il, Nizwa, Sib and others
  • previous rising led by the Imam, Azzan bin Qais
  • the communication made with the Government of India about the possibility of sending more troops to Muscat in order to assist the existing ones, and the expenses involved in such a step
  • the position of the French in Muscat
  • 'Isa bin Saleh’s efforts for peace
  • the suggestion that the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Muscat, could act as a mediator between the two sides
  • the possible peace negotiations
  • the Imam’s conditions for making peace, including: the full recognition of the Sharia Law as practiced by the Imam in the interior, the settlement of the financial claims due to the inhabitants in the interior, and the absolute prohibition of the import of wines, spirits and tobaccos
  • news of the First World War
  • the influence the Imam has on his followers and his anti-British propaganda, seeing the British as enemies of Islam
  • the spread of pro-German feelings among the tribes of the Sharqiyya region
  • news that the Emperor of Germany has converted to Islam

The majority of the correspondence in the volume is dated 1915.

Extent and format
1 volume (405 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the volume.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 407; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 8-398; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out. The file has one foliation anomaly, f 241A.

Written in
English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script
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‘File XXIX/4 THE IMAM’S RISING 1913-1920. RISING of IMAM of NIZWA JAN. 1915 & ATTACK ON BAIT-al-FALAJ JAN. 1915’ [‎296r] (614/836), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/6/45, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100071566789.0x00000f> [accessed 28 March 2024]

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