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Coll 30/117 'Persian Gulf. Bahrain Grievances of the Baharinah.' [‎100r] (199/203)

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The record is made up of 1 file (100 folios). It was created in 30 May 1935-11 Aug 1939. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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obviously sound, but they would suggest that the
introduction of a Civil Code may present unnecessary
complications for a simple community, whose commercial
relations with foreigners are already dealt with by the
Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. CourtB, As regards the Criminal Code they
agree that the introduction of a simple code, founded
on the Indian Penal Code, such as the Sudan Penal Code,
has much to commend it.
(b) Proportional representation on the Municipal
Councils of Hanama and Iluharraq, and on the Majlis-al-
TuJJ arah . The Government of India agree generally with
the action taken by trie Shaikh in this matter.
(c) Education . In this matter the Government of
India observe that the r^presentations of the Baharinah
deputation seem to have oesn entirely confined to serving
the interests of a schoolmaster whom the leaders wished
to instal in a city school. The Baharinah are mainly
a rural community, and the Government of India agree
in Colonel Loch*s conclusions that too little attention
has hitherto been paid to village and primary, schools #
They would suggest that it should be possible to expand
these institutions on a wide basis without great expense
by offering encouragement to private or mosque schools
already in existence in the villages.
(d) Fre e pasturage . The complaint that the camels
oi the A1 hhalifah are permitted free pasturage among the
crops of Baharinah is of long standing and they think
that pressure should be brought to bear on the Shaikh
to abolish this practice.
-3. To sum up, the Government of India feel that no
representations should be addressed to the Shaikh
suggesting the introduction of popular institutions of
a democratic nature, or carrying the implication that the
support of Government to the ruling family will depend on
the

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The papers in this file relate to the grievances of the Baharnah (the native population of Bahrain). The papers include: The petition of the Baharnah to the Ruler of Bahrain Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa requesting the adoption of a Qanun (code of laws) in the courts, proportional representation in the Majalis al Tujjarah and Baladiyyah at Manama and Muharraq, and restoration of their rights on the Board of Education, 30 December 1934-21 April 1936; the reservations of the Secretary of State for India the 2nd Marquess of Zetland about providing constitutional advice to the Gulf principalities, 20-27 September 1935; the instructions from the Government of India on reforming the courts of Bahrain, proportional representation, education, and pasturage of the Ruler’s camels, 6 November 1935-22 February 1936; the growth of popular movements in Kuwait, Debai [Dubai], and Bahrain, 18 July-16 November 1938; the agitation against the Shi’a Shar’ Court, Bahraini courts, and the educational system in Bahrain, a strike on the premises of the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO), and a demonstration in the bazaar at Manama, 31 October-24 November 1938; a request by Shaikh Hamad for the recruitment of two Egyptian or Sudanese magistrates to compile a civil and criminal ‘Bahrain Code’ from all previously issued a’lans and to provide practical advice to current magistrates inside and outside the courts of Bahrain, 24 November 1938-5 August 1939; the report of the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Lieutenant Colonel T C W Fowle to the Secretary to the Government of India in the External Affairs Department Sir Herbert Aubrey Francis Metcalfe on future policy towards popular agitation in Bahrain, 14 April-23 May 1939; and the Ruler of Dubai Shaikh Sa’id bin Maktoum Al Maktoum’s forcible dissolution of the Majlis in Dubai, 5-15 June 1939.

The correspondence in this file is primarily between the British Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Bahrain; Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. at Bushire [Bushehr]; Deputy Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign and Political Department; Foreign Secretary to the Government of India; Secretary of State for India; India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. ; Secretary of the Government of India in the External Affairs Department; Foreign Office; HM Ambassador to Egypt; and the Ruler of Bahrain.

Extent and format
1 file (100 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 101; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 76-101; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.

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English in Latin script
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Coll 30/117 'Persian Gulf. Bahrain Grievances of the Baharinah.' [‎100r] (199/203), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/12/3846, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100077459322.0x000002> [accessed 28 March 2024]

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