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File 57/1928 Pt 12 'Iraq-Nejd Relations: Koweit Frontier Situation.' [‎264r] (538/1286)

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The record is made up of 1 volume (639 folios). It was created in 1 Mar 1929-24 Apr 1930. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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263
out, that they had taken their instructions from
someone else. This they hotly denied saying that
the Akhwan leaders accepted no orders except
from Bin Saud f s own mouth.)
(b) Then came the English they said who began
to complain to Bin Saud and started demanding back
stolen sheep, camels, etc. To this Bin Saud gave
answer that they His Akhwan were out of hand and he
could not very well control them. Actually he again
and again had ordered them to continue their raiding
and took the "khumus", 1 /5 of all the loot they got.
(c) Eventually under pressure from the English
Bin Saud had demanded that they should hand back /
their snare of the loot to him, and he would return '
same to 'Iraq. Their reply to him had been "Yes
-e will do this sind loyally obey your orders but
you must do likewise as our leader.* 1 They had also
wanted to know how it was that while it suited his
convenience he Bin Saud had quoted to them by
chapter and verse from the Koran, the virtue of jehad
and attacking non-Akhwan and Mushriq tribes, and how it
was that he was now asking them to return to the in
fidel what he had preached was lawful; they demanded
that Bin Saud should explain this: Bin Saud for
his part had promised to explain all to them at
Sabillah, and when they sent there, by a gross piece
of treachery, he had attacked them, killed several
of their leaders on the spot, wounded al-Duwish (and
incidentally taken his seal) and lastly had cast Ibn
Humaid of the Ataiba into prison where he was now
languishing.
(d) Not

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Content

The volume concerns the effect of the activities of the Akhwan (also referred to as Ikhwan, and frequently described as 'rebels'), and their conflict with Ibn Saud (also referred to as Bin Saud) [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], on the frontier between the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd (usually referred to separately as Hejaz or Nejd), and Koweit [Kuwait].

In addition to India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. correspondence and memoranda, the volume includes correspondence from: the High Commissioner for Iraq; the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Lieutenant-Colonel Cyril Charles Johnson Barrett); the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Kuwait (Lieutenant-Colonel Harold Richard Patrick Dickson); the British Agent and Consul, Jeddah; the Colonial Office; the Foreign Office; the Air Ministry; the Government of India; Fuad Hamza, Acting Minister for Foreign Affairs, Hejaz Government; and Ibn Saud.

The papers cover: British concerns about being forced to defend Kuwait (e.g. folio 628); reports of Akwan raids; the activities of individual tribes (e.g. the Ajman); the question of whether the Akhwan should be allowed refuge in Kuwait; the role of the Royal Air Force (RAF) in reconnaissance and bombing; the activities of the Akhwan leader Faisal al Dawish [Fayṣal bin Sulṭān al-Dawīsh]; the attitude of the Shaikh of Kuwait (Ahmad bin Jabir [Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ]) to Ibn Saud; a request from the Shaikh of Kuwait for Lewis guns for use in armoured cars; the leaking of supplies from Kuwait to the Akhwan; the description of the Shaikh of Kuwait as 'a mild Wahabi' (folio 364); requests from the Shaikh of Kuwait for the supply of arms and ammunition; Ibn Saud's stated wish to 'annihilate the Ajman' (folio 311); reports of fighting on the border between Ibn Saud's forces and the Akhwan; a report by the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Kuwait on Ajman marriage connections with the Al Subah [Āl Ṣabāḥ] family, August 1929; reports of the death of Faisal al Dawish, October 1929; intelligence reports by the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Kuwait; and British agreement to supply ammunition to the Shaikh of Kuwait, October 1929.

The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.

Extent and format
1 volume (639 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume. The subject 57 (Iraq-Nejd Relations) consists of sixteen volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/1234-1249. The volumes are divided into nineteen parts, with each part comprising one volume, apart from parts 4-5, 7-8, and 17-18, which each comprise a single volume.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 635; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 12-635; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.

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File 57/1928 Pt 12 'Iraq-Nejd Relations: Koweit Frontier Situation.' [‎264r] (538/1286), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/10/1243, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100080319045.0x00008b> [accessed 29 March 2024]

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