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File 1707/1924 ‘Arabia:- Jeddah Situation Reports. (1924-1930)’ [‎429r] (862/898)

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The record is made up of 1 volume (445 folios). It was created in 13 Mar 1924-18 Mar 1931. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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6
monotony of these bogus lists was broken only by the appearance, among the alleged
Javanese signatories, of one “ Mustahil.” This looks like the sort of Arabic word
which an Last Indian might adopt as a name, but in fact it means, in Javanese, “Liar.”
Sul 1 tan r of Kashmi r ” represents in the press the alleged recognition
\y e Muhtar of Chitral. Similarly, messages from those northern parts of Asir which
mave long, been part of the administrative area of the Hedjaz do duty as “Recognition
G , e I ner1 ' ^ message, which will probably be quoted as recognition, was
extracted from those of the Indian pilgrims who travelled first class on the steamship
h rangestan (see below) The King, having forbidden the agents for the steamer to
do anything for these pilgrims, put them up in his palace and had food sent them.
Aer the meal an Indian appeared and suggested that he should draft them a telegram
of thanks to send to the King. The pilgrims, finding the draft addressed to “ the
Lahph, objected, on the ground that the Indian Moslems had not yet come to a
ecision as to the Caliphate ; but the spy said that the telegraph office would not
accept a message addressed, in any other way, and that, in any case, as they would be
learmg the country soon, it did not matter. So the message was sent. In one case
the British agent happened to be behind the scenes. On calling on the Kaimakam of
Jeddah on business, he found there some Bahreinis, Yussuf Fakhru (?) and two others.
The kaimakam was at the telephone, and, from the conversation, it became clear that
the Caliph was at the other end of the wire. How were his Bahrein friends ^
Not too tired with the journey ? They really must come to Mecca at once, and in the
Caliph’s car. The Bahreinis appeared a little surprised at this enthusiastic greeting,
but gladly accepted the proposal that they should go to Mecca by car instead of by
camel. (They were not to know that, out for the King, every pilgrim could travel to
Mecca by car; cars for the purpose were actually brought to Jeddah by an Indian
Moslem, but the King would not allow them to be used). Their plain expression of
thanks was bellowed along the telephone wire as : “ They thank His Majesty the
Commander of the Believers.” Some of the announcements of recognition bear on
them the proof of their own falseness; e.p., the “ Kibla ” had more than a page about
the c recognition of His Majesty as Caliph by 5,000,000 Moslem inhabitants of the
Malay Peninsula,” through a learned delegation of five, who had just arrived for the
purpose. A close examination of the account showed that the only credentials produced
by the “ delegation ” consisted of “ a letter from him (or those) who appointed them,”
sealed by “ the learned teacher who presided over the annual general assembly by which
the delegation was chosen,” and saying that, as it was difficult to get teachers for the
5,000,000 Moslems of the Malay Peninsula—who were depicted as thirsting for
instruction, not only in the tenets of Islam, but also in the Arabic language—five
students were being sent to Mecca to study for three years or more; would the King
keep a benevolent eye on them. The letter did not mention the Caliphate, though it
was dated twelve days after the assumption of the Caliphate by King Hussein.
Enquiry revealed the learned delegation as, in fact, five youths connected with a school
which was established in Malacca by certain Mecca sheikbs, who have come to Mecca to
school. We may expect “recognition from the Aden tribes,” or something of the kind,
presently, as the president of the Executive Committee of the Arabia Conference,
Sayyid Muhammad Alawi-al-Sakkaf, has been sent to Lahejf'via Aden. “Recognition
from Suez ” resolves itself into a telegram signed by nine persons, of whom two are
Jeddah people domiciled in Suez, one is a Hedjaz merchant, who went to Egypt three
weeks ago, and a fourth is a boy who ran away from his parents in Jeddah last year.
But all these oaths of allegiance pale before the “ recognition by the Moslems of Africa,”
reported in the “Kibla” a few days ago. For the confutation of the sceptical, the
message is printed in full: it is a telegram from an unspecified place, signed by some
person unknown, “in the name of the Moslems of Africa.”
An observer, who reported to the Arab Bureau in >917 about King Hussein’s
attitude towards the Caliphate, has already been struck by his “ transparent honesty.”
The acting British consul at Aleppo has reported reiterated accusations in certain
local papers that the recognition of King Hussein as Caliph in Syria was secured by
the distribution of large sums by British consular officers. French suspicion is, perhaps,
sufficient to account for this accusation, but it is possible that British gold appeared in
Syria at that time, since it is in that form that King Hussein would pay his bribes.
However, Sheikh Fuad, the Foreign Secretary at Mecca, told me that recognition by
Syria was easily obtained. According to him, the King asked how long it would take
to secure recognition by Syria, and was sceptical at the reply that it would take only
twenty-four hours from the time certain secret messengers arrived. Sheikh Fuad,
however, sent off the messengers and secured the oath of allegiance, to the King’s
delight, within the specified time.
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About this item

Content

The volume mostly contains printed copies of despatches from HM Agent and Consul, Jeddah, to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, enclosing reports on the situation in the Hejaz (also spelled Hedjaz in the file) [now a region of Saudi Arabia], from January 1924 to December 1930, and related enclosures to the reports. These despatches were sent to the Under-Secretary of State for India by the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. The volume also includes India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Political and Secret Department minute papers, which include comments on the reports, and indicate that the reports had been seen by the Under-Secretary of State for India and the Political Committee of the Council of India.

The reports are monthly for January to August 1924, May 1925, September 1925 to March 1927, June 1927 to June 1930, and December 1930. Reports between these dates cover shorter periods, except July and August 1930, which are both covered by one report, and September, October and November 1930, which are also covered by one report.

The reports discuss matters including the actions of King Hussein ibn Ali al-Hashimi of the Hejaz, including his attempts to gain recognition as Caliph, and the military and financial situation in the Hejaz during the war between the Hejaz and the Saudi Sultanate of Nejd [Najd]. They report on events of the Hedjaz-Nejd war including: the capture of Taif (September 1924) and Mecca (October 1924) by Nejd; the departure of the ex-King Hussein from Jeddah; the fall of Medina and Jeddah and the surrender of the Hejaz to Sultan Abdul Aziz of Nejd [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd, also known as Ibn Saud] (December 1925); and the formal assumption of the title of King of the Hejaz and Sultan of Nejd and its Dependencies by Ibn Saud (8 January 1925).

The reports following the annexation of the Hejaz by Nejd cover internal affairs, including prohibitions introduced for religious reasons, the Hejaz Railway, the financial situation of the Hejaz-Nejd Government, and the Hejaz Air Force. They also report on foreign relations, including: the publication of an agreement, dated 21 October 1926, between Ibn Saud and Sayyid Hassan-el-Idrisi, establishing the suzerainty of Ibn Saud over Asir; relations between Ibn Saud and Imam Yahya of the Yemen; the situation on the frontiers between Nejd and Iraq, and Nejd and Transjordan Used in three contexts: the geographical region to the east of the River Jordan (literally ‘across the River Jordan’); a British protectorate (1921-46); an independent political entity (1946-49) now known as Jordan ; and the Treaty of Jeddah between Hejaz-Nejd and Great Britain (20 May 1927). They also report Ibn Saud being proclaimed King of the Hejaz, Nejd and its Dependencies (4 April 1927).

In addition, other frequently occurring topics in the reports are: the Pilgrimage [Hajj], including the arrival of pilgrims in the Hejaz, from India, Java and elsewhere, arrangements for the pilgrimage, the welfare of pilgrims, and the repatriation of pilgrims; and the slave trade and slavery in the Hejaz, including the manumission and repatriation of slaves.

The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.

Extent and format
1 volume (445 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.

The subject 1707 (Arabia:- Jeddah Situation Reports. (1924-1930)) consists of one volume only.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 447; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 4-444; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.

Written in
English in Latin script
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File 1707/1924 ‘Arabia:- Jeddah Situation Reports. (1924-1930)’ [‎429r] (862/898), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/10/1115, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100084998363.0x00003f> [accessed 16 April 2024]

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