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'CONFIDENTIAL 86/31 VOL. B.64 OIL IN ITS RELATION TO THE MIDDLE EAST' [‎207r] (418/578)

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The record is made up of 1 volume (285 folios). It was created in 11 Oct 1940-22 Aug 1945. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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S. That * 1 ?® d ^ el( i , P ment i of these resources shall be conducted with
Knth po, 1 f t ie availal ?! llt y oi adequate supplies of petroleum to
• x , on nes^ as wel as to all other peaceable countries, sub-
0 e Provisions of such collective security arrangements
as may be established; J
4. That, with respect to the acquisition of exploration and development
rights m areas not now under concession, the principle of equal
K opportunity shall be respected by both Governments;
5. That the Government of each country and the nationals thereof
shall respect all valid concession contracts and lawfully acquired
rights, and shall make no effort unilaterally to interfere directly
or indirectly with such contracts or rights;
6. That, subject always to the considerations mentioned in paragraph 1
of this Article, the exploration for and development of petroleum
resources, the construction and operation of refineries and other
facilities, and the distribution of petroleum shall not be ham
pered by restrictions imposed by either Government or its
nationals, inconsistent with the purposes of this Agreement.
Article II.
The two Governments recognise that the principles declared in Article I
hereof are of general applicability and merit adherence on the part of all
countries interested in the international petroleum trade of the world.
Therefore, with a view to the wider adoption and effectuation of the
principles embodied in this Agreement they agree that as soon as prac
ticable they will propose to the Governments of other interested producing
and consuming countries an International Petroleum Agreement which,
inter alia, would establish a permanent International Petroleum Council
composed of representatives of all signatory countries.
To this end the two Governments hereby pledge themselves to formu
late plans for an international conference to consider the negotiation of
such a multilateral Petroleum Agreement. They also pledge themselves
to consult with other interested Governments with a view to taking what
ever action is necessary to prepare for the proposed conference.
Article III.
There are, however, numerous problems of joint immediate interest
to the two Governments, with respect to petroleum resources in which rights
are held or may be acquired by their nationals, which must be discussed
and resolved on a co-operative interim basis if the general petroleum
supply situation is not to deteriorate.
With this end in. view the two Governments hereby agree to establish
an International Petroleum Commission to be composed of eight members,
four members to be appointed immediately by each Government. This
Commission, in furtherance of and in accordance with the principles
stated in Article I hereof, shall consider problems of mutual interest to
both Governments and their nationals, and, with a view to the equitable
disposition of such problems, shall be charged with the following duties and
responsibilities: ^—
having due regard for the interests of consuming countries and
expanding consumption requirements;
2. To suggest the manner in which, over the long term, this estimated
demand may best be satisfied by production equitably distributed

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Content

The volume comprises correspondence and discussions regarding the economic and political situation in relation to oil in the Middle East during and immediately after the Second World War. At the centre of the discussions are talks which took place in Washington DC between US and UK government officials looking at the global importance of oil, which focused particularly on oil in the Middle East.

The talks concluded with the production of a memorandum of understanding which was published 8 August 1944 as the Agreement on Petroleum between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, otherwise known as the Anglo-American Oil Agreement (1945).

Also included in the volume is correspondence between the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Charles Geoffrey Prior), the Secretary to the Government of India, External Affairs Department (Olaf Kirkpatrick Caroe), the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. , and His Majesty’s Minister at Jeddah (Stanley Jordan) regarding two proposed pipelines. The first being the ‘trans-arabian pipeline’ which it was proposed would link the Middle East to the Mediterranean. The proposal was initially postponed owing to heavy criticism of it in the United States press but was later taken up by the Arabian American Oil Company (ARAMCO). The second proposal from the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) and the California Arabian Standard Oil Company (CASOC, later renamed ARAMCO) was for a pipeline to take crude oil from Dhahran [Aẓ-Ẓahrān], Saudi Arabia to the BAPCO refinery at Bahrain.

Also included is correspondence between the Chief Local Representative for BAPCO (Milton H Lipp, Ward P Anderson) and the Adviser to the Government of Bahrain (Charles Dalrymple Belgrave) regarding possible sites for the pipeline and the reservation of required land. Further discussion centred on the question of the eastern frontier of Saudi Arabia, which was in dispute, and whether His Majesty’s Government should look to tackle the matter at that time with the Saudi Arab Government or wait until the progress of the oil companies required its resolution. Jabal Naksh and Khor-al-Odaid [Khawr al ‘Udayd], which were claimed by Qatar and Abu Dhabi respectively, and whose claims were supported by His Majesty’s Government but contested by Saudi Arabia were discussed as being key areas in the frontier dispute.

Another matter discussed in the volume was a visit paid by the Mission of the Petroleum Reserves Corporation to the Middle East. The Mission’s purpose was to review resources of petroleum in the Middle East and its itinerary included visits to Kuwait, Dhahran, and Bahrain. The mission was headed by Everette Lee Degoyler and also included the eminent geologists and petroleum experts Dr George Martin Lees, William Embry Wrather, and John Herhold Murrell.

Other matters touched on in the volume include a request by ARAMCO to undertake a hydrographic survey of the coast line of the Kuwait Neutral Zone; the possibility of resuming oil field production in Qatar and Kuwait provided the necessary equipment could be obtained from the USA; articles published in American journals and newspapers regarding the global oil situation and oil in the Middle East; and a visit paid by Major Frank Holmes to Kuwait in 1944.

Also included in the volume are a number of notes and memorandums relating to oil in the Middle East:

A series of file notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folios 272-283.

Extent and format
1 volume (285 folios)
Arrangement

The volume contains a table of contents on folio 5 comprising of subject headings and page references. The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 287; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 7-270; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.

Written in
English in Latin script
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'CONFIDENTIAL 86/31 VOL. B.64 OIL IN ITS RELATION TO THE MIDDLE EAST' [‎207r] (418/578), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/1/700, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100086676321.0x000013> [accessed 29 March 2024]

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