Printed papers on the political situation and military policy in Egypt [‎78r] (155/176)

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Breakdoivn of Negotiations and Resignation of Adly Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. .
38. Negotiations were protracted over a couple of months, when it became
evident that no agreement could possibly be reached on the basis of the terms
approved by the Dominion Premiers, whose ^H^/preoccupation ^aAo perpetuate
and strengthen the British hold on the Suez CanaP In the Governmem itself certain
elements which had never grasped the true position in Egypt were resolutely opposed
to anything in the nature of compromise. The result was the breakdown of the
negotiations. It had been found impossible to reach agreement on any section of the
proposed treaty save that relating to the protection of minorities, for which purpose
the phraseology and provisions of the Roumanian and Polish treaties had been
adopted. In these' circumstances Adly Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. returned to Egypt at the end of
November and his resignation was announced immediately after his arrival.
fiad
1
Deportation of Zaghlul.
39. The publication of the terms which Adly had rejected spurred the
Zaghlulists to fresh exertions. They roused popular opinion to an extent that made
the formation of a new Ministry impossible, and by the end of 1921 their activities
had become so threatening that Lord Allenby, with the consent of His Majesty's
Government, deported Zaghlul and his principal associates to the Seychelles. But
Lord Allenby fully realised that this drastic measure was merely a palliative for a
situation which could only be met by coercion or concession. The former policy was
far less practicable than had been the case in M'arch 1919; the latter involved the
abandonment of the protectorate.
The Declaration of February 28, 1922.
40. Lord Allenby, with the unanimous support of his local advisers, had no
hesitation in pronouncing for the second alternative, and after personal consultation
with the Secretary of State and the Prime Minister, the policy embodied in the
declaration to Egypt of the 28th February, 1922, was finally adopted. The text
o: this declaration is given in Appendix (A).
Part II,—The Situation during 1022.
Sarwat Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. becomes Prime Minister.
41. The declaration of the 28th February, 1922, was regarded in Egypt as
indicative that His Majesty's Government had abandoned the attitude which thev
had taken up in the autumn of 1921 when the negotiations with Adly Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. had
broken down. Another crisis had been conjured by concession, and Sarwat Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. ,
who had been Adly’s second-in-command and locum tenens during the latter’s absence
in England in 1921, became Prime Minister. The chief points of the programme
which the new Government published on taking office were the elaboration of a
democratic constitution establishing the principle of Ministerial responsibility and
parliamentary control, and the withdrawal of martial law.
Proclamation of Egyptian Monarchy.
42. On the 14th March the House of Commons devoted seven hours to the
discussion of the declaration to Egypt, and on a division it was approved bv 202
votes to 77. The next day the Sultan assumed the title of His Majesty King Fouad
and proclaimed Egypt a monarchy.
Declaration of a British “Monroe Doctrine."
43. Simultaneously His Majesty’s Government informed all Powers with whom
they were in diplomatic relations that the British protectorate over Egypt was
terminated. At the same time a virtual “ Monroe Doctrine ” in regard to Egypt
was declared by the formal communication to these Powers of the following
notification :—
“When the peace and prosperity of Egypt were menaced in December
1914 by the intervention of Turkey in the great war in alliance with the Central