"تقرير عن كردستان" [و‎‎٢‎٨] (٢٢٠/٦٠)

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The district numbers some 32 or 33 villages and about 4,000 inhabitants.
Produce—pomegranates, figs, gall-nuts, and other forest fruits. Wheat and barley
and other provisions are imported.
Asl Maliat, 74/0 tunians.
From Kurdistan there are only two very rough and difficult roads to Avroman
across which it is well nigh impossible to pass guns and troops. For this reason
the inhabitants are often in open rebellion against the Governor of Kurdistan.
In 1286 A. H. (1877) they rebelled and made a night attack on Farhad Mirza
Mu’tamad-ud-Dauleh’s camp, and killed 36 of his men. To punish them for
this deed Farhad Mirza, having received troops from Tehran, attacked them in
their own strongholds, and defeated them and pillaged the two Avromans. The
inhabitans fled to Turkey, where they remained for some time*.
After this Farhad Mirza always maintained here a garrison of 500 men and
sent a governor from Senna, and thus for ten years did he keep this district
in perfect order. But since, through the incompetence and short- sightedness
of later governors of Kurdistan, the governorship of this district has again fallen
into the hands of the descendants of its old governors, and although apparently
submissive they are in reality independent.
The road from Merivan to Avroman is described in the chapter on Merivan
under the heading ‘- Road from Merivan to Juvanrud and Ruvansar.”
The Avroman range lies south-west of and parallel to the Zagros mountains.
The hills are wild and rocky, only traversed by footpaths. Between Avroman
and Zagros is a narrow valley, through which runs a direct road to Kirmanshah
from Sulaimanieh, called the Shamian road. Through this valley flows a little
river, which comes down from the Gurran and falls into the Diala (Ab-i-Shirvan).
Dr. Oskar Mann mentions Razau as the capital of Avroman Takht). This village
is the residence of, and belongs to, ’Abbas Guli Sultan.
Avroman Lihun.
This district is 17 farsakhs south-west of Senna. To the west and south it
touches Turkish territory. The district is very
Avroman Lihun. difficult of access on account of the Sirvan river
which limits the district on the Persian side and which being of a certain depth
cannot always be easily forded. Noghud, its chief place, was taken in 1878 by
Farhad Mirza’s troops and was set fire to, and its
Noghud. gardens destroyed. The district numbers 22 villages
and about 4,000 inhabitants ; it is covered with forest and has not been cleared
for cultivation.
Produce—figs and pomegranates, which are exported and sold or bartered
against wheat and barley.
Asl Maliat, tumans 300.
Water for drinking is from springs.
Below Noghud near the river Sirvan is a tomb, said to be that of Imamzade
Ishak.
To the east of this district there is a village named Hajij in a very picturesqe
but rugged spot. There is here the tomb of
Ha P'- Imamzadeh Sultan Obeidullah, brother of Imam
Riza, and known as Kusseh Haji]. The inhabitants of this village wear a special