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ملف رقم ١٢٨٣\١٩١٣ الجزء ٥ "التجارة في بلاد الرافدين، إصدار تقرير تجارة جديد" [ظ‎‎٩‎٣] (٢٧٠/١٨٢)

محتويات السجل: ١٣٥ ورقة. يعود تاريخه إلى ٢٤ نوفمبر ١٩١٩-٢٧ أكتوبر ١٩٢٠. اللغة أو اللغات المستخدمة: الإنجليزية. النسخة الأصلية محفوظة في المكتبة البريطانية: أوراق خاصة وثائق جُمعت بصفة شخصية. وسجلات من مكتب الهند إدارة الحكومة البريطانية التي كانت الحكومة في الهند ترفع إليها تقاريرها بين عامي ١٨٥٨ و١٩٤٧، حيث خلِفت مجلس إدارة شركة الهند الشرقية. .

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railway and it is doubtful whether Mr. Lloyd is correct in surmising that
the sugar trade, which was carried in German ships and represented an import
value of £450,000, together with the general trade of the Germans, would
show a total import not greatly inferior to the total of British imports exclusive
of India. In any case, it is somewhat misleading to exclude India. The
Manchester cotton trade represented £1,200,000 out of a total import of
£3,099,273. British import trade on the whole held a very strong position in
Mesopotamia right up to the beginning of the war, though it is no doubt true
that the Germans had developed many branches of imports, which, if Conditions
had been different, might easily have been worked by British merchants.
As regards exports, Mr. Lloyd states that the Basrah Trade Beport of
1912 shows that 80,000 tons of grain w r ere shipped by the Germans to Ham
burg and Antwerp as against 90,000 tons to London. Mr. Lloyd has, however,
apparently taken the figures of 1911 instead of those for 1912 and the actual
statistics for the latter year show that 67,300 tons w r ere exported to Hamburg
and Antwerp as against 92,700 tons to London. In 1913, w r hich was a bad
year, 20,350 tons w r ent to London as against 4,800 tons to Hamburg and
Antwerp. So that the situation w r as not as bad as he imagined.
Briefly stated, the position seems to have been that, while German com
merce owing to special assistance given by the Government, was able to cause
a great deal of inconvenience and even loss to British merchants, yet British
trade and shipping were easily able to maintain the great advantage which
centuries of commercial supremacy in the Gulf had conferred upon them.
12. A report by the French Chamber of Commerce in China indicates that
a close parallel to the Mesopotamian situation existed in that country also.
German imports and exports, which were respectively 14 million Taels and 7
million Taels in 1908, had increased to 28 million Taels and 17 million Taels in
1913, while although French exports stood at the satisfactory figure of nearly 41
million Taels in 1913, their imports had risen only from 2 J million Taels to 5 J
million Taels. German progress is ascribed by the French Chamber to the fact
that German merchants suited their manufactures to the demands of the local
population for inferior goods and took steps to produce the exact article required
by their customers. German firms, also, realising that clients were disinclined
to order goods on the strength of catalogues, attracted orders by arranging for
the exhibition of samples of wares marketed by groups of firms in a "common
? depot, the expense, which was beyond the means of ordinary traders, being
shared among the firms and assistance feeing given, if necessary, by the German
Government. German trade was also pushed by expert advertisement, by the
creation of training schools, and by the grant of liberal terms for the develop
ment of industrial schemes, subject to the condition that the materials should
be bought from German firms. German efforts were also materially aided by
! the fact that their local representatives had a good working knowledge of the
vernacular. French methods are stigmatised as unsuitable and attention is
drawn to the faulty organisation of the firms, their lack of initiative, their in
adequate acquaintance with the conditions of the market, and their insufficient
_ knowledge of the vernacular. The export of grain and seed produce was
practically a German monopoly which was gained and held by the secret system
of rebates to German shippers, as in Mesopotamia. The French Chamber
I complains bitterly of the irregular itineraries of the French merchant marine
and points out that direct transport is bound to replace transport by tranship
ment everywhere in the future. Great stress is laid on the necessity for regular
sailings and direct transport by French merchant marine after the war °as a
means of regaining lost trade.
13. The parallel between China and Mesopotamia in respect of German
enterprise will end, however, with the conclusion of the war. It is true that,
even if the Besolutions of the Paris Conference are brought into effect and
German trade and shipping is excluded from the Gulf for a period of years, yet
Germany will in the long run get back her trade and will become again a great
industrial country. Commercial currents will sweep away and level down tem
porary artificial barriers raised by sentiment, just as the sentiment itself,
bitter and uncompromising as it may be to start with, will fade and become

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المحتوى

يتكون الجزء ٥ من المجلد (الورقة ٣-١٣٧) بالكامل تقريبًا من تقريرين حكوميين شاملين متتاليين عن ظروف التجارة في بلاد الرافدين، عقب انتهاء الحرب العالمية الأولى (١٩١٤-١٩١٨) وتطور المصالح التجارية البريطانية في المنطقة. التقرير اللاحق الذي طبعته مطبعة الحكومة في بغداد سنة ١٩٢٠، عنوانه تقرير عن أحوال التجارة في بلاد الرافدين، من إعداد مكتب المفوّض المدني في بغداد . ويتضمن خريطة اتصالات تُحدد الطرق وشبكة السكة الحديدية بالمنطقة. التقرير السابق الذي طبعته حكومة الهند في كلكتا في سنة ١٩١٩، عنوانه آفاق التجارة البريطانية في بلاد الرافدين والخليج الفارسي .

الشكل والحيّز
١٣٥ ورقة
لغة الكتابة
الإنجليزية بالأحرف اللاتينية
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ملف رقم ١٢٨٣\١٩١٣ الجزء ٥ "التجارة في بلاد الرافدين، إصدار تقرير تجارة جديد" [ظ‎‎٩‎٣] (٢٧٠/١٨٢)و المكتبة البريطانية: أوراق خاصة وسجلات من مكتب الهندو IOR/L/PS/10/368/2و مكتبة قطر الرقمية <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100048209173.0x0000c0> [تم الوصول إليها في ٢٩ March ٢٠٢٤]

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