"دليل بلاد فارس. مجلد II" [ظ‎‎٩‎٣] (٧٠٦/١٩١)

174
GAR-OAR
G ARD ANEH -I - AMRULL AH—
A pass in Kirmanshah on the road fom Mandali to Kirmanshah city
It crosses the Kalfija range. The pusce^.t from the south is easy, the
descent to the north very steep. It is turnable to the west by the Gar-
daneh Timanjak, distant 1| miles and to the east by a pass,_the Kamar
Zard, distant 5 miles, and leading into the Gouar valley from Asmanabad.
The gradient, etc., of the Gardaneh-i-Amrullah is fully described in Maunsell s
Reconnaissances in 1890 under the name of Kaluja pass. It is passable to
laden mules, but not to field guns.— (Vaughan.)
GARDANEH-I-ASADABAD—
General direction of road at starting from Zagha, west by south, which
changes to south-west and south by west during the descent oyer the
mountains. The last part of march south-south-west. The pass is steep
and rugged in parts, but in no place impassable for artillery. Heights in
immediate neighbourhood of road could be crowned throughout. The rock
consists of slate with occasional patches of quartz and granite. Water good
and plentiful from innumerable streams. Supplies procurable from Hamadan
and the surrounding country. Pass round Zagha, between it and Siman,
and through village of Siman at 1 mile. At 2£ miles cross broad and deep
stream, running down the plain from mountains off left. At 3 miles rejoin
high road to Kirmanshah and pass large mud ruins on right. Hence, gra
dual ascent through fertile and well cultivated plain. Pass a village under
mountains off left. At 5 miles reach top of ridge ; cross a stream and
at 8£ miles pass large village of Tajabad off right. Thence descend
and at 7| miles pass small village off right. Cross stream at 8 miles and
another at 9 miles, hence, gradually ascend for half a mile, when Eghest
point of pass is reached. Mountain of Alvand and the heights off left,
covered with snow. Thence, steep descent to 10 miles, where cross two
torrents at bottom of a ravine. Hence, slight ascent to 11 miles, where
pass small village in ravine off right, with small ruined fort on opposite
slope just above it. Thence steep descent from hills. At 12§ miles pass
some ruins on side of hill on right. Direct road over main mountain range
here joins. It is very difficult, and impracticable for heavily laden bag
gage animals. Thence, gradual descent, crossing a rapid torrent repeatedly
to As’adabad, 14 miles.—
GARDANEH-I-BlDSURKH (or red earth ridge)—E lev. 5,800',
So called from colour of the soil. Is the top of the Kotal-i-Sahneh, a
pass in Kirmanshah, crossed 16 miles south-west of Kangavar on the
road from Hamadan to Kirmanshah.— (deRozario — Bellew.)
G ARD ANEH -I-CHAH-l-ZUYAR—(Same as CHEHAR-ZABAR (2) (q.v.)
A pass in Kirmanshah about 30 miles west by south of that city and
on the road to Baghdad. It is situated on the range of hills that bound
the Mahldasht plain to the south. Its height is 5,590 feet; the road to
and from it is covered with loose stones, which make the pace slow,
is about 2^ miles in extent, and is well supplied as to its northern si e
with water ; the hills on either side rise several hundred feet above it and
are covered with scrub jungle. Its slopes generally are accessible o