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‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’ [‎34] (46/160)

The record is made up of 1 volume (80 folios). It was created in 1904. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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34
On the 15th October Colonel Herbert
V" 3 telegraphed;—
" Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. * privately asks my opiaioh. A messenger from Turkish General at Lahsa
♦ Proceedings (Secret), December 1871, fcdk lU- with letters from GWttttut visited Bahrein.
165. Sheikh heard of, seized, and killed him. British
officers "hearing this demanded letters and forwarded theM to GwUttur. Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. cordially
ackuowledges obligation. He wishes to obtain fitting reparation from Sheikh, but considers
to apply officially to British Government would be yielding a point as to political position
of island. Under existing circumstances, and promises recently given, he cannot use force
against Sheikh as an Ottoman dependent, consequently contemplates sending a Commission
to demand reparation. 1 request orders.^
Colonel Herbert was informed on the 17th idem of Colonel Felly's version
t ind No. 157. of the story and directed, if possible,
ibid, jvo . i6i. ^ to avoid discussion with the Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. until
further enquiry could be made; only if pressed, was he to tell the other
version. On the 24ith October Colonel Herbert informed Go^ernmentt
" Midhut Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. expects to leave Thursday, and it is probable he will make the death of
the messenger a pretext for interference at Bahrein if he receive from me no satisfactory com
munication before he goes."
Colonel Pelly was directed to proceed to Bahrein or send his Assistant
there, and the following reply was sent to Colonel Herbert by telegraph of the
30th
" Viceroy cannot suppose that Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. , knowing views of British Government regarding
Bahrein, and explicit denial of Ottoman Government of all intention to extend supremacy,
over Bahrein, and remembering assurances given by Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. himself, can entertain any intention
of interfering with that island. Viceroy would consider such to be a violation of instructions
believed to have been given to Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. from Constantinople, and of the promises given by his
Government, and would not look on interference with indifference.
" Use your discretion as to expressing above views to Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. . Inform him of Pelly's ver
sion of storyZ''
The Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. had, however, left Baghdad for Basrah en route to Nejd when
the telegram reached, and Colonel Herbert considered that it would be incon
venient to make the communication through a third party. He subsequently,
however, requested the Agent at Basrah to wait upon the Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. on arrival
and communicate the substance of the above message.
134. The Bombay Government, on the 5th November, telegraphed :—
" Pelly telegraphs for instructions whether action is limited to watching events. In my
opinionj if, after all our representations at Constantinople and assurances at Bahrein, we eon-
tent ourselves with Watching events, our position in Gulf will be in future untenable. If
force sufficient, I would not hesitate to instruct Pelly to prevent any Turkish occupation, and
am confident that if this were known, not a blow would be struck. But some of the Turkish
corvettes are of modern construction and heavy armament, and I do not know what Lynx and
Magpie carry. In this case I should direct Pelly to visit Midhut Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. on arrival, learn his
intentions, and, stating circumstances which excuse Bahrein Chief, offer good offices; if refused,
hand him formal protest with memorandum for transmission to London and in Constantinople
to the effect that Turkish Commander from commencement of operations employed and took
. into confidence Nassir-bin-Mobarek, who instigated and laid revolution in which Chiefs father
was assassinated. The present Chief having been placed on throne by our intervention, and
Nassir conopelled to fly, it was inconsistent with friendly relations with this country to employ
and protect a men who had fled from punishment at our hand; that Nassir having employed
the man who murdered Chief's father to carry letters to tribes with whom we have treated,
messenger had no claim to protection as an Envoy from private person, and has justly met
punishment of crime. If Bahrein Chief had acted hostilely or without considering Turkish
dignity, it resulted from employment of Mobarek; and if Turkish Commander proceeded to
act hostilely, Colonel Pelly was instructed to protest, and denounce his conduct as inconsistent
with friendly relations of two Governments. Exact protest may be safely left to Pelly, but
it should be formal, full, and precise. Instructions awaited. I think squadron should be rein
forced Bidlfinch here. Nimble Aden."
Colonel Pelly was directed to make precisely the same representations to
the Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. as that contained in the telegram of the bOth October to Colonel
Herbert, and the Secretary of State was informed on the 8th by telegraph of the
whole proceedings up to date, and requested:—
" Pray move Ottoman Porte instantly to send by telegram most absolute orders to
Midhut Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. and his officers to abstain from any active or armed interference in Bahrein,

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Content

Part 1 of a Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. gazetteer of historical and political materials, a précis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs. The précis was prepared by Jerome Antony Saldanha, whose preface (under which his surname is erroneously spelt Saldana) is dated 25 November 1904, and published by the Government of India Foreign Deptartment, Simla, India.

The preface is an historical outline of the struggle for political dominance in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , including Portuguese, British, Wahabi [ Wahhābī A follower of the Islamic reform movement known as Wahhabism; also used to refer to the people and territories ruled by the Al-Saud family. ] and Turkish expansion. The chapters (titles shown in italics) deal with the subject in an roughly chronological fashion:

1. Early history of Hasa and Katif , including: references to the area in Arabic writing; the first known Arab colonists; and early references to the area in British (East India Company) records;

2. Conquest of Hasa by the Wahabis and Turkish expeditions into Nejd [Najd] and Hasa, and their results 1800-1865 , including: conquest of the area by the Wahabis; Turkish expeditions to the area, 1811-19 and 1836-40; Amir Feysal’s [Fayṣal ibn Turki Āl Sa‘ūd] nominal dependence on Turkey, 1855; troubles in Katif, 1859-62; Turkish protest against British proceedings at Damaum [Dammām], 1862; the British war against Amir Feysal, 1865-66; obsolete title of award of Arabia by an Abbasid caliph to the Ottoman Porte; Ottoman ambitions in Arabia (Holy Ottoman Empire);

3. Turkish expedition to Nejd and Hasa, 1871-72 , including: origins of the expedition; intelligence from the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. , Colonel Lewis Pelly; British policy in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and effects of the Turkish expedition on that policy; Turkish assurances to Britain, communicated to Bahrain (spelt Bahrein throughout) by Pelly; Turkish promise of non-interference with the rulers of the Trucial coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. ; narrative of the events leading up to and including the landing of the expeditionary force in Nejd; Turkish designs on Katar [Qatar], and their hoisting of the Turkish flag at Budaa [Al-Bidda]; Turkish naval activity in the Gulf, and Britain’s naval response; murder of a suspected Turkish messenger at Bahrain; reasons for the non-interference of the British Government in operations on land; further narrative of the expedition and affairs in Nejd; evidence of Turkish designs on Bahrain; Turkish assurances; relations between Turkey and Abuthabi [Abu Dhabi]; close of the Turkish expedition;

4. Internal affairs of Hasa and Katif, 1872-1904 , including: administration and internal organisation; and a list of governors at Hasa, including events of significance occurring during their rule;

5. Survey of the Katif coast, 1873-74 , including: British intentions and permission gained from the Ottoman Porte; complaints of British survey officers landing on the Nejd coast; written permission to land to undertake surveying.

6. Increase of Turkish military and naval forces in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and Turkish policy , including: a memorandum by Captain T Doughty on the state of affairs in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ;

7. (1) Trade Relations of Hindu and other traders of Bahrain with Katif, and their disabilities , and (2) Proposal appointment of a consular officer at Katif ;

8. Piracies , including: piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters, 1878; ; revolt in Hasa and piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters, 1878-81; Turkish responsibilities and jurisdiction for the purpose of suppressing piracies in Katif waters, 1878-81; piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters in 1883; piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters in 1886; piracies in 1887-88; piracies in 1891-92; piracies in 1899-1900; piracies in 1902 and the proposal of the Chief of Bahrain to maintain an armed dhow A term adopted by British officials to refer to local sailing vessels in the western Indian Ocean. for the pursuit of pirates, 1902-03;

9. Murder of Sheikh Selman-bin-Diaij-el-Khalifa [Shaikh Salman bin Diaj Āl Khalīfah] , a cousin of the Chief of Bahrain and his party about 40 miles south of Katif. Question of satisfaction and compensation for it ;

10. Turkish designs on Oman and the rest of the East Arabian Littoral, 1888-1899 ;

11. Summary of British declarations against Turkish encroachments in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. and of the Porte’s assurances, 1871-1904 .

The cover of volume, on which the title is printed, also has a number of different pencil and pen annotations, marking former external references or numbering systems (‘P.2557/29’, ‘No.5’, ‘C238’).

Extent and format
1 volume (80 folios)
Arrangement

The volume is arranged into eleven chapters, preceded by a preface. Each chapter is organised by subheadings, and its paragraphs numbered. The paragraph numbers are continuous throughout the whole volume, beginning on 1 at the start of the first chapter, and ending on 553/553A at the end of the eleventh chapter. A contents page at the front of the volume (ff.4-5) lists the chapters by their headings and subheadings, with each referring to paragraph, rather than page, numbers.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right hand corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.

Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence, with page numbers located top and centre of each page.

Written in
English in Latin script
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‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’ [‎34] (46/160), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/20/C238, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023514031.0x000030> [accessed 28 April 2024]

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