![‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’ [‎135] (147/160)](https://iiif.qdl.qa/iiif/images/81055/vdc_100000000884.0x0001b8/IOR_L_PS_20_C238_0148.jp2/full/!1200,1200/0/default.jpg "‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’ [‎135] (147/160)")
‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’ [135] (147/160)
The record is made up of 1 volume (80 folios). It was created in 1904. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
135
CHAPTER TENTH.
Turkish designs on Oman and the rest of East Arabian Littoral,
1888-1899.
507. We have dealt with several measures taken by the Turks to extend
> their dominion on the Arab coast of the
Persian Gulf
The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
, their expeditions into
Nejd, their increase of their naval and military forces, etc. We shall now note a
few more of their actions, which disclose their designs towards that object.
607A. The Turks have always cast longing glances on Oman. In 1888 there
rww o/o»»»,«8s. were persistent rumours of a threatened
External a ., September 1888, Nos. 127-129. invasion ot Oman by Ibn Hashid in con-
if.:™! 1: SVsKSV with Sheikh Jasim ot Katar and
External a., February 1889, Nos. 347-357. Under the auspices of the Porte.
External A., May 1889, Nos. 69-81.
Representations were made to the Porte in the matter, and the Porte
External a ., July 1889, Nos. 235-239. denied that there were any communica
tions between Ibn Rashid and the Sultan,
except exchange of presents. From the British Ambassador—Sir W. White's
letter, dated 9th May 1^89, it appears that Ibn Rashid was anxious to secure
from the Sultan jurisdiction over Hasa, while the Sultan was desirous of secur
ing a greater hold over Nejd and Sliammar. Both these purposes could not
be attained having regard to the facts that the Porte's policy was to extend its
jurisdiction over the Arab littoral, and the ambition of Ibn Rashid to be
practically independent ruler, only nominally acknowledging suzerainty of
the Sultan.
508. The Turkish Government have always assumed the role of the Protec
tor of pilgrims to Mecca. One of the pil-
S:lTXXSt^-io" n " a ' grira rou'esbeingfrorn Hasa by way of
Hofuf, the Turkish Governor of Hasa has
been always at pains to undertake the protection of pilgrims on this route. For
this purpose a temporary Amir was once appointed to control the traffic and
given the privilege of bearing the sacred standard on the way. In one instance
in 1888, the Mutassarif of Hasa went so far as to address a very insolent
letter to the Chief of Bahrein ordering in peremptory terms to notify the appoint
ment of the temporary Amir, and the date by which the pilgrims should arrive
at Hasa to accompany him, etc.
509. In 1892, some men of the Monasir tribe, aided by people belonging to
JPlunder ly the Monasir trite in Hasa, 1892. OtllGr Arab triljCS of the I ersian Gulf, plun-
external a, september 1892, Nos i32-is8. dered a caravan from Hasa in Turkish terri-
External a. November 1892. Nos. 118 -119. ^ ^ mutassarif of ^ ^
of Basrah then wrote to the Chief of Abu Thabi, in a threatening tone, charging
him with responsibility for the acts. The Chief replied disavowing all connection
with the Monasir tribe. The
Political Resident
A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency.
Colonel Talbot thought that
though this tribe were said to be more or less under the control of the Abu Thabi
Chief, he could not be held responsible for the acts of so scattered a tribe
some 400 miles from Abu Thabi. What Colonel Talbot objected to was the
threatening tone of the letters addressed by the Turkish authorities to the Sheikh.
Should they adopt a similar tone again, he suggested that the true position of
the Chief in relation to the British Government should be pointed out to the
Porte. He also advised the Chief that in future he should consult the Resident
before replying to such letters, an advice which the Chief accepted.
510. In 1893 we received reports from various sources of attempts made
TurJcish detigns to secure a larger hold over the Idte to adopt a Comprehensive
Arabia. scheme to bring the Chieftains in Arabia
Ullder Turkish B control and t0 c]ieck their
rebellious spirit. One of the schemes was to appoint a Civil Governor for the
whole of Arabia, in which should be included Maskat and the rest of Oman
(including the Pirate Chiefs) Bahrein and Hasa. Secret agents were deputed
to induce the Chieftains to visit the capital, Constantinople, and to counteract
the growing influence of the British.
About this item
- Content
Part 1 of a Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. gazetteer of historical and political materials, a précis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs. The précis was prepared by Jerome Antony Saldanha, whose preface (under which his surname is erroneously spelt Saldana) is dated 25 November 1904, and published by the Government of India Foreign Deptartment, Simla, India.
The preface is an historical outline of the struggle for political dominance in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , including Portuguese, British, Wahabi [ Wahhābī A follower of the Islamic reform movement known as Wahhabism; also used to refer to the people and territories ruled by the Al-Saud family. ] and Turkish expansion. The chapters (titles shown in italics) deal with the subject in an roughly chronological fashion:
1. Early history of Hasa and Katif , including: references to the area in Arabic writing; the first known Arab colonists; and early references to the area in British (East India Company) records;
2. Conquest of Hasa by the Wahabis and Turkish expeditions into Nejd [Najd] and Hasa, and their results 1800-1865 , including: conquest of the area by the Wahabis; Turkish expeditions to the area, 1811-19 and 1836-40; Amir Feysal’s [Fayṣal ibn Turki Āl Sa‘ūd] nominal dependence on Turkey, 1855; troubles in Katif, 1859-62; Turkish protest against British proceedings at Damaum [Dammām], 1862; the British war against Amir Feysal, 1865-66; obsolete title of award of Arabia by an Abbasid caliph to the Ottoman Porte; Ottoman ambitions in Arabia (Holy Ottoman Empire);
3. Turkish expedition to Nejd and Hasa, 1871-72 , including: origins of the expedition; intelligence from the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. , Colonel Lewis Pelly; British policy in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and effects of the Turkish expedition on that policy; Turkish assurances to Britain, communicated to Bahrain (spelt Bahrein throughout) by Pelly; Turkish promise of non-interference with the rulers of the Trucial coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. ; narrative of the events leading up to and including the landing of the expeditionary force in Nejd; Turkish designs on Katar [Qatar], and their hoisting of the Turkish flag at Budaa [Al-Bidda]; Turkish naval activity in the Gulf, and Britain’s naval response; murder of a suspected Turkish messenger at Bahrain; reasons for the non-interference of the British Government in operations on land; further narrative of the expedition and affairs in Nejd; evidence of Turkish designs on Bahrain; Turkish assurances; relations between Turkey and Abuthabi [Abu Dhabi]; close of the Turkish expedition;
4. Internal affairs of Hasa and Katif, 1872-1904 , including: administration and internal organisation; and a list of governors at Hasa, including events of significance occurring during their rule;
5. Survey of the Katif coast, 1873-74 , including: British intentions and permission gained from the Ottoman Porte; complaints of British survey officers landing on the Nejd coast; written permission to land to undertake surveying.
6. Increase of Turkish military and naval forces in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and Turkish policy , including: a memorandum by Captain T Doughty on the state of affairs in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ;
7. (1) Trade Relations of Hindu and other traders of Bahrain with Katif, and their disabilities , and (2) Proposal appointment of a consular officer at Katif ;
8. Piracies , including: piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters, 1878; ; revolt in Hasa and piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters, 1878-81; Turkish responsibilities and jurisdiction for the purpose of suppressing piracies in Katif waters, 1878-81; piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters in 1883; piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters in 1886; piracies in 1887-88; piracies in 1891-92; piracies in 1899-1900; piracies in 1902 and the proposal of the Chief of Bahrain to maintain an armed dhow A term adopted by British officials to refer to local sailing vessels in the western Indian Ocean. for the pursuit of pirates, 1902-03;
9. Murder of Sheikh Selman-bin-Diaij-el-Khalifa [Shaikh Salman bin Diaj Āl Khalīfah] , a cousin of the Chief of Bahrain and his party about 40 miles south of Katif. Question of satisfaction and compensation for it ;
10. Turkish designs on Oman and the rest of the East Arabian Littoral, 1888-1899 ;
11. Summary of British declarations against Turkish encroachments in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. and of the Porte’s assurances, 1871-1904 .
The cover of volume, on which the title is printed, also has a number of different pencil and pen annotations, marking former external references or numbering systems (‘P.2557/29’, ‘No.5’, ‘C238’).
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (80 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is arranged into eleven chapters, preceded by a preface. Each chapter is organised by subheadings, and its paragraphs numbered. The paragraph numbers are continuous throughout the whole volume, beginning on 1 at the start of the first chapter, and ending on 553/553A at the end of the eleventh chapter. A contents page at the front of the volume (ff.4-5) lists the chapters by their headings and subheadings, with each referring to paragraph, rather than page, numbers.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right hand corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence, with page numbers located top and centre of each page.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
Use and share this item
- Share this item
‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’ [135] (147/160), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/20/C238, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023514031.0x000095> [accessed 16 May 2024]
https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023514031.0x000095
Copy and paste the code below into your web page where you would like to embed the image.
<meta charset="utf-8"><a href="https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023514031.0x000095">‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’ [‎135] (147/160)</a> <a href="https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023514031.0x000095"> <img src="https://iiif.qdl.qa/iiif/images/81055/vdc_100000000884.0x0001b8/IOR_L_PS_20_C238_0148.jp2/full/!280,240/0/default.jpg" alt="" /> </a>
This record has a IIIF manifest available as follows. If you have a compatible viewer you can drag the icon to load it.https://www.qdl.qa/en/iiif/81055/vdc_100000000884.0x0001b8/manifestOpen in Universal viewerOpen in Mirador viewerMore options for embedding images
Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/20/C238
- Title
- ‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’
- Pages
- front, front-i, i-r:ii-v, 1:4, 1:2, 1:35, 37:40, 42:80, 82:108, 110:144, iii-r:iii-v, back-i, back
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence