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‘File 28/4 Trading with the enemy’ [‎76r] (156/1004)

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The record is made up of 1 volume (498 folios). It was created in 24 Nov 1939-4 Jul 1941. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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9
which suggests that neutral firms are not carrying out their obligations in this respect
should be reported immediately to the Ministry. The Black List Committee will not take
action against a film for such an offence unless the information comes from a reliable
source, and is well documented.
In all cases when a report is made to the effect that a firm has given a satisfactory
guarantee or been given a certificate of origin, it will be understood that the document has
been given in the latest form issued from time to time by the Ministry. If there is any
variation in the document this fact should be mentioned in the report.
It is suggested that Mis Majesty s Kepresentatives should keep records of the documents
declared before them in order to facilitate prompt reference to Ministry of Economic Warfare
of any failure to carry out an obligation or a wrongful declaration as to the origin of
the goods.
9—ALTERNATIVE CHANNELS OF TRADE FOR BRITISH AND ALLIED
EXPORTERS.
The Black List Committee will not normally recommend the inclusion of any firm
in either the Statutory List or the Black List unless it know r s whether or not the firm
in question handles an appreciable amount of British or Allied trade, and the names of
the British or Allied traders concerned; and whether, as in the case of a public utility
Company, its functions are so closely connected with British firms or interests that to
prohibit or impede intercourse between it and British or Allied subjects might react to
our disadvantage.
If a firm recommended for inclusion in the Statutory List is, for example, a forwarding
agent, it may be possible for British or Allied trade in the country concerned to continue
through another agent. The Committee therefore wishes to emphasize that when making
a recommendation, the adoption of which would close a channel of trade hitherto used
by British or Allied traders, His Majesty’s Missions should, whenever possible indicate
whether or not in their view’, an alternative channel for our trade is readily available. In
making recommendations in regard to alternative channels, Missions should supply the
fullest possible information as to the commercial and financial standing of the firms
suggested.
It may be, however, that a firm recommended for inclusion in the Statutory List
is in a position to purchase in whatever market it pleases, and that if it is prevented
from obtaining goods from Allied sources it will have no difficulty in satisfying its require
ments from some other country. To specify such a firm as an enemy may therefore
lose us business and deprive us of foreign exchange without inflicting corresponding damage
on the enemy. These considerations apply wdth particular force to firms outside Europe.
His Majesty’s Missions should exercise the greatest care to satisfy themselves that the
adoption of their recommendations w r ill inflict no unnecessary injury on ourselves; and
when making recommendations for the inclusion of particular firms in the Statutory List,
they should report the circumstances if a situation such as that described above appears
likely to arise.
The weapon of our War Trade Lists is one w’hich can turn in our hands and cause
us serious harm unless it is wielded wdth discretion, care and understanding by all concerned.
Provided, however, it is used with discretion and promptitude, it will be seen from the
foregoing that it is capable of inflicting considerable harm on the enemy’s war-time trade.
(Signed) HORACE RUMBOLD.

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Content

The file comprises copies of printed circulars and notices issued by the British Government, memoranda and letters issued by the Government of India, and copies of correspondence to and from the Political Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. in Bahrain, relating to trade with countries and territories regarded as the enemy, or the trade in goods from countries regarded as the enemy, during the Second World War.

The British Government circulars and notices include: multiple copies of the Statutory Rules and Orders booklet, produced by the Board of Trade, entitled Trading with the Enemy: Specified Persons , each copy being an expanded and updated version of its predecessor; the escalating nature of war in Europe throughout 1940 meaning the list of countries regarded as being the enemy (either through joining the war as an Axis power or by being occupied by an Axis power) was continually in need of update. The booklets list, alphabetically by country and by name, those persons (or companies) and their address, regarded as being an enemy. Some booklets record amendments to the list, under the headings of additions, deletions and modifications. The last copy of the booklet in the volume (ff 379-416) details seventy-five pages of companies deemed by the Trading with the Enemy Act (1939) as an enemy (ff 15-17, 71-77, 258); circulars from the Ministry of Economic Warfare, relating to Statutory, Black List and Suspect List policy; a circular from the Ministry of Warfare, February 1940, concerning the Trading with the Enemy Act (1939) in relation to insurance, insurance with enemy companies, and including a list of enemy marine insurance companies (ff 428-438).

Government of India memoranda and correspondence includes: an order, dated 17 June 1940, for the detention of ships bound for ports in the Red Sea (f 144); a notice, dated 21 June 1940, on exports to the Dutch East Indies (f 147); a prohibition, dated 30 June 1940, on all exports to French territory (f 169); a notice, dated 17 April 1940, that goods from Denmark be regarded as of enemy origin (f 175); a warning, dated 21 June 1940, on possible channels used to transport goods to Germany, in particular raw materials, including through the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (ff 177-179); a memorandum, dated 4 July 1941, announcing the creation of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. War Trade Bureau, attached to the Commerce Department of the Government of India (ff 480-481).

Correspondence to and from the Political Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. in Bahrain includes: a letter from the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. to the Ruler of Bahrain, Sheikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah, dated 13 December 1939, announcing the prohibition in Bahrain of trade with German companies or German goods (ff 10-11); the appointment of the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain, in December 1939, as Custodian of Enemy Property, under the Bahrain Order in Council A regulation issued by the sovereign of the United Kingdom on the advice of the Privy Council. of 1913 (ff 14, 24); a printed copy of a notice by the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Geoffrey Prior, dated 16 November 1939, entitled Trading with the Enemy Regulations made under the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. States (Emergency) Order in Council A regulation issued by the sovereign of the United Kingdom on the advice of the Privy Council. 1939 (ff 41-42); in April 1940, correspondence and official notices concerning trade with Denmark or in Danish goods (ff 80-85, 91-94, 110); in June 1940, correspondence and official notices concerning trade with Italy or in Italian goods (ff 139-140, 148); letters from several merchants in Bahrain, enquiring after the status and whereabouts of Italian goods ordered before Italy’s entry into the war; correspondence and notices relating to trade with French Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, Rumania [Romania], Bulgaria, Hungary and Greece; and general enquiries relating to trade at Bahrain, made by the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. to the Director of Customs at Bahrain, Claud Cranbrook Lewis deGrenier.

Extent and format
1 volume (498 folios)
Arrangement

The volume’s contents are arranged in approximate chronological order, from the earliest item at the front to the latest at the end. The file notes at the end of the volume (ff 482-496) mirror the chronological arrangement.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 500; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. Two envelopes which have been attached to f 5 have been labelled f 5A and f 5B respectively. An additional mixed foliation/pagination sequence is also present in parallel between ff 6-481; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.

Pagination: the file notes at the back (ff 482-496) have been paginated using pencil. A number of booklets contained within the file also have original printed pagination sequences.

Written in
English in Latin script
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‘File 28/4 Trading with the enemy’ [‎76r] (156/1004), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/678, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100029179927.0x00009d> [accessed 12 June 2024]

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