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'File 8/67 MUSCAT STATE AFFAIRS: MUSCAT – OMAN TREATY.' [‎9r] (22/316)

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The record is made up of 1 volume (154 folios). It was created in 14 Oct 1920-27 Jul 1934. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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4
put it*
The result imu that we were reduced to the absurd
position of supporting by armed force under our treaty
obligations a ruler against whom most of his subjects wsro in
open rebellion# who v.ue theoretically independent and yet who
would bs driven into the sea in a day if it were not for us.
The immediate causes of the 1913 rebellion were an
outbrenJf of religious fanaticism coinciding with the stoppage
of the importation of arias.
Events from Colonel Bonn’s first meeting with the unan
Chiefs in 1916 till iiojor iiaworth’s meetii^ with the some
in September 1919.
Balih al u arithi ar4 many Umun Gheikhs attacked in force our
d femes at ^ait-al-Palaj guarding Mattrah. The attack was
beaten off with serious loss to the Omanis who learnt their
lesson there once and for all. The Imam however remained in
indisputable possession of the interior and a constant
probably
menace to the coast towns which he would/have ftkAhlihiy taken
had it not been for the certainty that he would be driven out
in a few days with the advent of a British man-of-war.
In May Lt-oclone 1 Benn the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. sent a cir-
-cular letter to the Oman Gheikhs asking for a conference in
which peace might be arranged between the Sultan and the
Imam. This did not meet with a very warm response in the
interior# but after considerable correspondence a meeting
was finally arranged and took place at Sib on the 16th
September 1916 between Colonel Benn and Sheikh Jsa as the
representative of the $ Iiuam’s party.
This meeting was entirely abortive. In the Gultan’s
\ *
fflind the panmount idea Shut he would eventually roc over
hie authority in the interior, in the Hinds of the repre-
-sentatiree of the Inantheir unassailable position as
conquerors and their mor 1 position as Ibadhis obeying

About this item

Content

This volume concerns relations between the Sultan of Muscat and Oman and the tribes of interior Oman. The volume contains multiple copies of notes produced in October 1920 by the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. and Consul at Muscat, providing a British perspective on the history of political affairs in Muscat and Oman from the late 18th century to the present day (ff 6-22, ff 49-53 and ff 56-60). The notes attempt to summarise the underlying causes of the tense relations between the Sultan and the Omani tribes, before going on to document events during the period October 1919-October 1920, which culminated with the re-establishment of peaceful relations, following the conclusion of an agreement between the two parties (the Treaty of Sib, concluded on 25 September 1920). Related items include multiple copies of the English text of the 1920 agreement (ff 23-26, ff 53-55, and ff 60-62), and a Photostat copy of the Arabic text of the concluding part of the Treaty (f 154).

The volume also documents the Sultan's relations with the Omani tribes in the years following the treaty. There is a series of letters written in 1924 between the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. and Shaikh Isa bin Saleh [Shaikh ‘Īsá bin Ṣāliḥ al-Ḥārthī], who makes a request to import ammunition and protests against taxes that he claims contravene the Treaty of Sib. The correspondence dated 1932-1934 largely concerns the murder of a Muscat Government clerk at Sib, and the Sultan's frustration with the evasive response of Shaikh Isa bin Saleh on the matter. Also discussed in this part of the volume is the question of whether the Treaty of Sib will be renewed.

In addition to the treaty text mentioned above, the Arabic language material mainly consists of correspondence between the British and Muscat authorities and various shaikhs and subjects of interior Oman (English translations are included).The volume includes copies of correspondence originally written in 1919. There is no material covering the periods 1922-1923, 1925-1931, and no material dated after 1934, with the exception of a note at the rear of the volume, which is dated 16 October 1961.

Extent and format
1 volume (154 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the volume.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 156; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.

Written in
English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script
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'File 8/67 MUSCAT STATE AFFAIRS: MUSCAT – OMAN TREATY.' [‎9r] (22/316), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/6/264, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100070535087.0x000017> [accessed 9 May 2024]

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