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'Turkish Arabia: Being an Account of an Official Tour in Babylonia, Assyria, and Mesopotamia, 1886-87' [‎29r] (57/72)

The record is made up of 1 volume (35 folios). It was created in 1888. It was written in English and Persian. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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39
The day Hit's tall minaret broke the horizo„-the country of the Albu Nimir Arabs
Hit and Rum^di. eing about the same time left for that of Shekh Muham-
wide loop was felt to have been thrown overaU th^se^otalitts^sfne? tJ 9 pretty
in the distance of the same minaret three months previonsly'on a north-eSyTnte
across the narrow portion of A1 Taztrah . easterly route
Hit to Rumadi («^ K ^V=a^s or ^7^ F -
Rum4di began like many another place now a JLt f r * summer da y s journey,
military post of it running up a few rude buildings, d^nifieT'Jtrthl I'me of
Si; o ^d:^t:rl: p ;r^=r- B r ditspresent ™^s
and ou/saddler ; but no
"isnothew is • 'ir ph ^ ^ ^
a avan route to Baghdad after crossing the Euphrates, strikes east by south through
lengthene a d. 0CCUPylnS y ^ the course was still to be slightly
Section XIII.—Southern Shamiya.
In leaving at Rumidi the line of the Euphrates, to dip deeper into Shimtya, almost
Rahcilta. as bound _ for Najd, there had first to be traversed the
U 1 • . • i narrow alluvial strip on the river's western bank which
rame g Sh? •" Babylonia, interposes itself between the Euphrates and Arabia. Then
came Shamiya again in all its vastness and vacuity. All places aoDeared alike Th,,
ground thinly strewed with white and yellow gravel seenj the very type of sLiHty
camelSoweil The! H I" ^ Seen n0t t0 ^ With0Ut Shrubs 0n which mares and
11 V , dmarks P assed were a low truncated range of igneous-looking rock
ca ed furugh and numerous ghudard or collections of rainwater. Bitterly cold in
ear y morning, the afternoon heat gave one a foretaste of Central Arabia. For once the
kaJVa lagged and got belated. Darkness followed sunset like a piece of conjuring. Much
® 10U m g an( [ fire-hghting were necessary before stragglers were collected and settled for
the night Section all day south by west. Next day, about noon, the desert town, or
ra er vil age, of Rdhaha was sighted. A good mare or camel would take one easily
rom Rumadi to Shathatha, or perhaps even further, in a day; but no kdfila could manage
R5VP 1^ lon S SUI ™ er da y s heat and thirst would stop the best mules. At a distance
Rahalia looks not unlike Bussorah, a long dark green belt or fringe of date palms. It is
a desert oasis like Tadmur, the water coming out of and re-entering the ground. Its
dates are in great repute. Bedouin come long ways to buy them, and strings of camels
carry them to remote markets. Near it were pitched several small Bedouin camps, hos
pitably yielding piles of dates and draughts of camels' milk. Owing to tortuous water
courses and other impediments the town is not very easily got at. It is in two blocks or
portions at some distance apart. Groves of date-palms completely shroud it. Its inhabit
ants cultivate little else except lucern, or jat, which grows luxuriantly under the shade
of the palms. Not a pound of chopped straw was forthcoming. Here for the first time
was encountered the prejudice or objection the genuine Arab feels to the sale of baked
bread. Emblem and basis of hospitality, this it is thought a shame to traffic in. The princi
pal inhabitant at the present time is an old man called Hajji Daud, Ashshiyir, or " David
the Poet. Forming the " kahwa" (guest-room) of his house is a large bare hall like a barn,
in which. Central Arabian fashion, the wayfarer spreads his carpet and hangs up his belt,
at will, without a question asked. The Turkish revenue officer was absent, with or without
a t Karbal^, or perhaps Baghdad, the Hajji acting as his honorary deputy. A solitary
dhdbitiah hovered round the spot to represent the Government. No record can be found,
nor was any trace obtainable on the spot, of previous visits to Rahalia by Europeans. The
juvenile part of the population at all events was as frightened as if it had seen an octopus.
And yet in the principal shop, by the side of Birmingham hardware, were exposed Man
chester handkerchiefs stamped with tableaux of a Highland regiment charging apparently
at lel-el-Kabir ! For one of those works of art combined with utility—intrinsic value pro
bably one halfpenny—the price asked was R5 ! In the smaller towns, it seems, on a small
scale, as in the larger on a large one, while one brother keeps a shop another takes
horses to Bombay and carries back part of their price in cheap European goods.
The following day's stage was but a four hours' one.

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Content

This volume is a printed account of the official winter tour of 1886-87 in Babylonia, Assyria and Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) undertaken by Colonel William Tweedie, Bengal Staff Corps, Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in Turkish Arabia A term used by the British officials to describe the territory roughly corresponding to, but not coextensive with, modern-day Iraq under the control of the Ottoman Empire. (Iraq) and His Majesty's Consul-General at Baghdad. The purpose of the tour was to visit the Vice-Consulate of Mosul in Upper Mesopotamia and the Consulate at Bussorah [Basra], as well as Indian subjects residing in Karbala and Najaf, the two centres of Shiah pilgrimage. In addition, the author identifies it as an opportunity to see the inhabitants and features of Turkish Arabia A term used by the British officials to describe the territory roughly corresponding to, but not coextensive with, modern-day Iraq under the control of the Ottoman Empire. more generally (folio 7). The report was published by the British Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. Baghdad on 24 May 1887, and printed by the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta, India in 1888. This copy was presented by the author to George Curzon (see inscription on folio 2v).

The volume contains a table of contents (folio 5), list of maps and illustations (folio 6), and note on Arabic and Persian transliteration and names (folio 6v). The volume includes the following sections: 'Section I.- Marching in Turkish Arabia A term used by the British officials to describe the territory roughly corresponding to, but not coextensive with, modern-day Iraq under the control of the Ottoman Empire. '; 'Section II.- Transport'; 'Section III.- Equipment'; 'Section IV.- From Tigris to Euphrates'; 'Section V.- Across Al Jazîrah [al-Jazīrah]'; 'Section VI.- Localised Bedouins east of Tigris'; 'Section VII.- Through Al Hawîja [al-Ḥawījah] to Kirkûk'; 'Section VIII.- Kirkûk to Sulimânîa [Sulaymānīyah]'; 'Section IX.- Sulimânîa to Mosul'; 'Section X.- Mosul to Sinjâr Hills', including details about the Yazîdîs [Yazidis]; 'Section XI.- Sinjâr to Der on the Euphrates'; 'Section XII.- Right bank of Euphrates, from Der to Rumâdi [al-Ramādī]'; 'Section XIII.- Southern Shâmîya'; 'Section XIV.- Karbalâ and Najaf'; and 'Section XV.- Baghdad to Bussorah and back, by steamer', including details on Arab coast of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. and Muhamarah.

Illustrations include: 'Resident's Camp, Turkish Arabia A term used by the British officials to describe the territory roughly corresponding to, but not coextensive with, modern-day Iraq under the control of the Ottoman Empire. , 1886' (folio 7v); 'Mule gear equally for draught and pack' (folio 8); 'Arab pâlân [ pālān , pack-saddle]' and 'Persian pâlân' (folio 9); 'Arab Camel-rider: and Saddle' and 'Horseshoe of Arabs, Persians, Turkomans, Afghans, and others' (folio 9v); 'Picqueting chain and peg (forefront)' and 'Arab and Persian paiwand' (folio 10); 'Arab rashma [ rashmah ]: including (1) rashma proper, or (iron) nose-band: (2) idhâr [ ‘idhār ] , or headstall: and (3) rasn [ rasan ] (lit. rope) or rein' (folio 10v); and 'Flying camp: Sinjâr to Karbala (all three tents Baghdad-made)' (folio 24).

Maps include: 'Map Accompanying Account by Resident, Turkish Arabia A term used by the British officials to describe the territory roughly corresponding to, but not coextensive with, modern-day Iraq under the control of the Ottoman Empire. , of his Winter-Tour, 1886-87' (folio 4v); 'Sketch of Map of Route from Hît to Tikrît crossing lower portion of Al-Jazîra' (folio 14v); 'Mosul Pashâlik, 1887' and 'Plan of Mosul Town (After Capt. F. Jones), 1852' (folio 18v); and 'Straightest route (across Syrian desert) for camel riders only, between Baghdad and Mediterranean, as followed by late (Consular) dromedary post' (folio 27).

Extent and format
1 volume (35 folios)
Arrangement

This volume contains a page of contents (folio 5) which references page numbers.

Physical characteristics

Condition: Folio 34 includes annotation (likely by Curzon) and a section of text has been cut out and removed.

Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.

Written in
English and Persian in Latin and Arabic script
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'Turkish Arabia: Being an Account of an Official Tour in Babylonia, Assyria, and Mesopotamia, 1886-87' [‎29r] (57/72), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F112/384, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023643185.0x00003b> [accessed 4 June 2026]

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