'Extracts from Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia by J G Lorimer CIE, Indian Civil Service' [‎36r] (76/180)

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Relations of Tmcial 'Oman with Qatar, 1853-92.
For about 9 years from 1881 to 1890, almost continual warfare prevailed by
land between Zaid-bin-Khalifah, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi, and Jasim-bin- Dhabi
Muhammad, the Al Thani Shaikh of Qatar. For this state of matters a claim an( ^ ^1
which the Al Thani Shaikh maintained to possession of Khor-al-'Odaid in Abu Thani Shaikh
Dhabi territory was partly responsible; but the scene of action was at all times of
so remote from the more populous part of Trucial 'Oman, that we have preferred 1881 - 1890 -
to treat of the operations in connection with Qatar affairs rather than in the history
of Trucial 'Oman. The scare of an invasion from Central Arabia in 1888, already
mentioned, was perhaps only a stratagem by which Shaikh Jasim sought to bring
about an alliance of the other Trucial Shaikhs against his enemy Zaid.
Relations of Trucial 'Oman with the Turkish Government, 1853-92.
'Odaid affairs, described at length in the separate history of the Abu Dhabi
principality, gave opportunities for interference in Trucial 'Oman of which the
Turks did not neglect to avail themselves. In 1874 the Shaikh of Abu Dhabi
complained that the local Turkish officials in Qatar had written to him on the
subject of 'Odaid, denying his authority there; in 1875 the Turkish flag was
apparently sometimes flown at 'Odaid; and there is no doubt that a small
tribute to Turkey was paid by the 'Odaid colonists between 1873 and 1876. In
1878 the Porte claimed 'Odaid as a Turkish possession and protested against
operations for the repression of piracy which had been undertaken there by the
British authorities a few months before. Finally, in 1889, the Wali of Basrah
addressed the Shaikh of Abu Dhabi, urging him to submit his differences with
the Shaikh of Dohah in Qatar to Turkish arbitration; but the suggestion was
declined under British advice.
Relations of Trucial 'Oman with Persia, 1853-92.
In 1855, Khallfah-bin-Sa'id, the Qasimi Shaikh of Lingeh, being then a minor
and his affairs having fallen into some disorder. Shaikh Sultan-bin-Saqar oi
Sharjah, who was his kinsman, assumed virtual charge of Lingeh and continued
for some months to reside there.
Internal history of Trucial 'Oman, 1853-1892.
Political combinations without permanence, and an endless succession of petty Ear ij er
wars by land, compose almost the whole internal history of Trucial Oman A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. during events,
this period. Of these meaningless occurrences down to the year 1870 only two
need be signalised.
At the end of 1857 an attack was made by the Shaikh of Abu Hail, a dependent
of the Shaikh of Sharjah, on an encampment of the Mazari' tribe at Kawanij and
resulted in the death of four Mazari', one of whom was a Shaikh; the Abu Hail
force, 150 strong, regained their homes the same night with a quantity of booty
including two horses and 30 camels. As the Shaikh of Sharjah declined to make
restitution to the Mazari', the Shaikh of Dibai, under whose protection the Mazari'
were, obtained the help of the Shaikh of Abu Dhabi against him; and in March
it was announced that Sharjah had been defeated. A reconciliation of the parties
was then effected by the Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. Agent at Sharjah.
A campaign by the Shaikh of Abu Dhabi against the Shaikh of Sharjah 1868.
in April 1868 was rendered memorable by an unusual incident, for Zaid-bin-
Khalifah, advancing in front of his troops, challenged his enemy, Khalid-bin-
Sultan, to meet him in single combat. The proposal having been accepted, the
challenger inflicted on his antagonist a wound which quickly proved mortal.
In 1869 the town of Ras-al-Khaimah and its dependencies became a separate Separation of
Shaikhdom under Hamaid-bin-'Abdullah, a nephew of the ruling Shaikh of R as-al-Khai-
Sharjah, and so continued until his death in 1900. SharjahTseQ.
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