'Extracts from Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia by J G Lorimer CIE, Indian Civil Service' [‎54r] (112/180)

after which 'Abdul 'Aziz showed unmistakable signs of resentment. In 1798-99,
and again in 1802, Turkish expeditions against the Wahhabis marched, as will be
shown further on, through Kuwait territory.
The province of Hasa, reduced for the first time in 1792, was finally conquered
by the Wahhabis in 1795, when it was placed under Wahhiibi governors and
religious instructors. Hasa thus came to form a base in Eastern Arabia for the
wider extension of Wahhabi influence; and a few years after, as we shall see in
a later paragraph, it became the first battle-ground of the Wahhabi and the Turk.
Established in Hasa, the Wahhabis soon began to exert an influence on Bahrain
affairs; and it was largely through their aid that as related in the history of Bahrain,
the 'Atbi rulers of the principality were able to prevent Saiyid Sultan of Masqat
from obtaining a permanent footing in the islands. In 1803 Salman-bin-Ahmad,
Shaikh of Bahrain, appears to have visited the Wahhabi Amir with a sum which
he offered as tribute, but the payment was excused.
It was also from Hasa that a Wahhabi force commanded by Hariq, a Nubian
slave, proceeded to the Baraimi Oasis, which thev seized and occupied with a view
to future action against Trucial 'Oman and the 'Oman Sultanate: the particulars
of their operations on this side are given in the histories of the regions mentioned.
By the middle of 1802 Wahhabi influence extended alona the whole coast from
the neighbourhood of Kuwait to Dibah; and in 1803, in consequence of help lent
by Saiyid Sultan of Masqat to their enemy the Sharif of Makkah, the Wahhabis
declared war against 'Oman and, by compelling the TJtub of Kuwait and Bahrain
and the Qawasim One of the ruling families of the United Arab Emirates; also used to refer to a confederation of seafaring Arabs led by the Qāsimī tribe from Ras al Khaima. of Ras-al-Khaimah to take the sea against him, reduced the
Saiyid to serious straits; but peace was made on condition that tribute of $12,000
a year should be paid by the ruler of Masqat to the Wahhabi Amir and that a
Wahhabi political representative should be received by him at his capital. This
peace was almost immediately violated by the Wahhabis, whose object seemed to
be the complete subjection of 'Oman by an invasion; but news of the assassination
of the Amir 'Abdul 'Aziz, received at the end of the year, obliged them to suspend
their proceedings for a time. Meanwhile Saiyid Badar, who ultimately succeeded
Saiyid Sultan at Masqat, had left 'Oman and joined himself to the Wahhabis.
Proceedings of the Wahhabis in Eastern Arabia, 1803-14.
[/;/;. 1073-6]
The details of the Wahhabi action in Eastern Arabia during the reign of Sa'ud
will be found in the separate histories of the Arab principalities upon the coast of
the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , chiefly in those of Bahrain, Trucial 'Oman and the 'Oman
Sultanate; and here it will be enough to take a general view of the Wahhabi
proceedings in that quarter.
In 1808 the 'Utub of Kuwait, whose attitude towards the Wahhabi Amir had Action of the
generally been one of defiance, withheld or refused to pay tribute; and a strong Wahhabis at
Wahhabi force was despatched against the town, but was repulsed with loss. This Kuw ait.
check to an enemy from whom he had much to fear was very welcome to the
Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. of Baghdad, who did not fail to show his pleasure by sending a robe of
honour and other gifts to the Shaikh of Kuwait. In the following year the Wahhabi
Amir, desirous of wiping out the defeat, ordered the 'Utub of Bahrain, the
Qawasim One of the ruling families of the United Arab Emirates; also used to refer to a confederation of seafaring Arabs led by the Qāsimī tribe from Ras al Khaima. of Ras-al-Khaimah and the Saiyid of Masqat to undertake an expedition
by sea against Kuwait and Basrah; but the Qawasim One of the ruling families of the United Arab Emirates; also used to refer to a confederation of seafaring Arabs led by the Qāsimī tribe from Ras al Khaima. alone expressed their
willingness to obey, and even they in the end took no action.
Sa'ud endeavoured, at the beginning of his reign, to consolidate the power Action of the
obtained in his father's time over Bahrain and Qatar; and, so long as he remained Wahhabis in
free from embarrassments in other quarters, his efforts were not unsuccessful. In Bahrain, ^
1805, a dynastic quarrel being then in progress in 'Oman, he was able to despatch an
an 'Atbi fleet from Bahrain to watch the course of events at Masqat in the Wahhabi
interest. In 1809 he won over to his side the dangerous pirate Rahmah-bin-Jabir,
with whose assistance his power was quickly established in Qatar; and in 1810 he
was able to appoint a Wahhabi governor over Qatar, Bahrain and Hasa with
headquarters in Bahrain. In 1811, in consequence of the dangers threatening from
the direction of Egypt and Hijaz, he was obliged to relax his hold on the newly
acquired eastern districts; Zubarah 18th-century town located 105 km from Doha. in Qatar was successfully attacked by the ruler
oi Masqat; and the Wahhabi garrisons were either expelled or withdrawn from that
place and from Bahrain, and were withdrawn from Qatif and Hofuf in Hasa, By
Wahhabi
conquest of
Hasa, 1795.
Wahhabi
intervention
in Bahrain,
1802-03.
Wahhabi
occupation
of Baraimi
and relations
with 'Oman,
1800-03.